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Authors Jensen GS, Cash HA, Farmer S, Keller D
Received 27 May 2017
Accepted for publication 10 July 2017
Published 7 August 2017 Volume 2017:10 Pages 107—117
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S141660
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Colin Mak
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Ning Quan
Objective: The
aim of this study was to document the immune activating and anti-inflammatory
effects of inactivated probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,
6086 (Staimune™) cells on human immune cells in vitro.
Methods: In vitro cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(PBMC) from healthy blood donors were treated with inactivated B. coagulans GBI-30, 6086
cells for 24 hours. After incubation, the PBMC were stained with
fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies for CD3, CD56, and CD69 to monitor
cellular activation by flow cytometry. The culture supernatants were tested for
cytokine profile using a 27-plex Luminex array, including pro- and
anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors.
Results: Inactivated B. coagulans GBI-30,
6086 cells induced the CD69 early activation marker on CD3+ CD56− T
lymphocytes, CD3+CD56+ NKT cells, CD3−CD56+ NK cells, and also some cells within the CD3−CD56− non-T
non-NK cell subset. Culture supernatants showed robust increases in the
immune-activating cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α. IFN-γ levels were
increased, along with three chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. The two
anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10 showed increases, as well as the
G-CSF growth factor involved in repair and stem cell biology. In contrast,
GM-CSF levels showed a mild decrease, showing a highly selective growth factor
response.
Conclusion: The inactivated B. coagulans GBI-30,
6086 cells activated human immune cells and altered the production of both
immune activating and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Of special
importance is the novel demonstration of a selective upregulation of the G-CSF
growth factor involved in postinjury and postinflammation repair and
regeneration. This suggests that important immunogenic cell wall components,
such as lipoteichoic acid, are undamaged after the inactivation and retain the
complex beneficial biological activities previously demonstrated for the cell
walls from live B. coagulans GBI-30,
6086 (GanedenBC30) probiotic bacteria.
Keywords: anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cytokines, growth factors,
lipoteichoic acid, inactivated bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086, Staimune