Background: Rho-kinase signal pathway is a new target for cancer therapy. Fasudil, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, is found to exert antitumor effects on several types of cancer, but whether fasudil has antitumor effects on laryngeal carcinoma is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fasudil on laryngeal carcinoma and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in this process.
Methods: After treatment with fasudil, changes in biological behaviors, including the growth, proliferation, clone formation, apoptosis, and migration of human laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2 cells) were observed. The influences on apoptotic protease activity factor-1 (APAF-1)-mediated apoptosis pathway and the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were measured by Western blotting and gelatin zymography assay.
Results: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration of fasudil to Hep-2 cells was ~3.40×10³ µM (95% CI: 2.53–4.66×10³ µM). Moreover, fasudil treatment significantly decreased the ability of growth, proliferation, clone formation, and migration of Hep-2 cells, while remarkably increased the apoptosis rate. Furthermore, the expressions of APAF-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 significantly increased in fasudil treatment group. Meanwhile, fasudil led to a remarkable decrease in the expressions and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
Conclusion: Our findings first demonstrate that fasudil not only inhibits the proliferation of laryngeal carcinoma cells through activating APAF-1-mediated apoptosis pathway, but also prevents migration by inhibiting the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Therefore, fasudil is an attractive antitumor drug candidate for the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma.
Keywords: fasudil, laryngeal carcinoma, apoptosis, apoptotic protease activity factor-1, matrix metalloproteinase