Purpose: Spinal metastasis from urothelial carcinoma (UC) is relatively uncommon. The aim of the present study is to explore the clinicopathological features, surgical treatments and outcomes of this rare disease.
Patients and Methods: Fifteen patients with UC spinal metastasis who received surgery in our center between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively investigated. Clinical data, treatment options, and outcomes were analyzed.
Results: For the 15 patients (9 men and 6 women), the primary tumors were located in the upper urothelial tract in ten and lower urothelial tract in five. UC mainly metastasized to the lumbar spine in seven cases, followed by the thoracic spine in five. Pathologic fracture and soft tissue mass with dura mater compression were observed in 66.7% and 93.3% cases, respectively. Palliative resection was performed in nine cases and excisional resection in six. Eleven patients received postoperative chemotherapy, including three with a preoperative ECOG score > 2. Bisphosphonates were administered in all patients. Pain was relieved remarkably in all patients, and both the neurological function and general status were improved significantly after surgery. The median overall survival was 14 months. Log rank test showed that patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy survived longer than those without chemotherapy (p =0.037). WHO grade 3 was also correlated with poorer prognosis (p =0.012).
Conclusion: Pathological fracture and soft tissue mass with dura mater compression is frequently observed on radiological images in patients with UC spinal metastasis. Surgery is useful to prevent deterioration of performance status and improve quality of life, which provide an opportunity for further systematic therapy. Multimodal treatments, including surgery, postoperative chemotherapy and bisphosphonates are recommended. WHO grade 2 and receiving postoperative chemotherapy were favorable prognostic factors for the overall survival of patients with UC spinal metastasis.
Keywords: urothelial carcinoma, upper tract urothelial carcinoma, spine metastasis, bisphosphonates, prognosis, WHO grade