Purpose: This retrospective study explored the clinical value of the plasma D-dimer level in osteosarcoma.
Materials and Methods: We measured the plasma D-dimer level before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (D0) and the plasma D-dimer level after four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (D1) in 103 patients with stage-IIB high-grade osteosarcoma of the limb. The change in the D-dimer level (ΔD) was defined as D1 minus D0. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were undertaken to determine the optimal cutoff points for D0, D1, and ΔD. The area under the ROC (AUC) of D0, D1, and ΔD was calculated to evaluate their discriminatory abilities in monitoring the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (tumor necrosis). Survival curves were generated according to Kaplan–Meier analyses and compared using the Log rank test. Univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine independent prognostic factors.
Results: Kaplan–Meier curves showed that a high D-dimer level at D0 and tumor diameter ≥ 8 cm were associated significantly with worse overall survival (OS) (P< 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a high D-dimer level at D0 (hazard ratio, 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.756– 5.804; P=0.000) was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. The chi-square test showed ΔD to be associated significantly with tumor necrosis. Analyses of ROC curves showed the D-dimer level at D0 and ΔD had better ability compared to that at D1 to discriminate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusion: The D-dimer level was correlated with the prognosis and response to chemotherapy in patients with stage-IIB high-grade osteosarcoma of the limb. The D-dimer level may serve as a risk factor of the response to chemotherapy and prognosis of localized osteosarcoma.
Keywords: D-dimer, osteosarcoma, necrosis, prognosis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy