Chi Wang^1,2, Kaixiang Ren^1,2, Mei Yang^1,2, Xiang Li³, Ningxi Li⁴, Peng Li^1,2, Huang Yang^5,6, Guangjian Zhang^1,2*, Xiaodan Wei^1,2*

¹ Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.

² Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery of Intergrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.

³ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China.

⁴ MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China.

⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.

⁶ Mianyang Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Neuroregulation, Department of Anesthesiology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China 621000, P. R. China.

摘要: 传统中医药作为根植于自然疗法的古老医学体系，数千年来在人类疾病防治与健康维护中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，中药活性成分普遍存在溶解性差、生物利用度低、毒性不明确及靶向性弱等固有缺陷。纳米医学作为现代科学前沿领域，通过精准调控纳米级物质的独特属性，在靶向递药系统和生物医学应用等方面展现出巨大潜力。尽管中医药与纳米医学在理论基础与发展历程上存在显著差异，但越来越多的研究表明二者具有协同潜力。本文系统阐述了中药纳米化这一极具临床价值的创新治疗策略：基于中药活性成分的生物特性与结构特征，将其划分为"天然纳米结构中药"与"纳米载体递送中药"两大类别，重点对两类纳米中药的制备策略及功能特性进行了全面解析，并深入探讨了纳米中药的增效优势。进而从抗肿瘤、抗炎及抗菌等生物医学治疗领域综述了纳米中药的应用进展。最后针对当前挑战提出未来研究发展方向，以期为推动中医药纳米化的现代化发展提供理论指导。