Yunpeng Xu,1 Lei Zhang,1 Lei Zhu,2 Zi Yang,3 Xue Bai,4 Fanqi Wu,5 Cuifang He,1 Dan Zhang,6 Qingjuan Ai,2 Hong Guo,7 Jian Liu1,8 

1The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of ICU, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Information Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6The second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of ICU, Gansu Province Maternity and Child-Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 8Gansu Province Maternity and Child-Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Jian Liu, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 136 0935 4197, Email medecinliujian@163.com

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic respiratory disorder characterized by airway inflammation and irreversible airflow limitation. Its marked heterogeneity and complexity pose significant challenges to traditional clinical assessments in terms of prognostic prediction and personalized management. In recent years, the exploration of biomarkers has opened new avenues for the precise evaluation of COPD, particularly through multi-biomarker prediction models and integrative multimodal data strategies, which have substantially improved the accuracy and reliability of prognostic assessments. This review summarizes the key biomarkers associated with COPD prognosis, systematically discusses the practical applications and future potential of combined predictive models and multimodal data integration, and evaluates their translational value in clinical practice. As a narrative review, this study aims to provide a scientific foundation for the precision management of patients with COPD.

Keywords: pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, biomarkers, prognosis prediction