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已发表论文
玫瑰痤疮中特定炎症细胞因子 KLK5、IL-8 和 IL-22 与蠕形螨密度及危险因素的关系
Authors Xu J , Zhang Y , Ci C, Lu X, Hu X, Zhao J, Li Y
Received 28 August 2025
Accepted for publication 22 October 2025
Published 11 November 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 15737—15748
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S562730
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Anish R. Maskey
Jingang Xu,1,* Yao Zhang,1,* Chao Ci,2 Xiaohong Lu,2 Xing Hu,3 Jinhong Zhao,1 Yuanyuan Li1
1Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Jinhong Zhao, Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China, Email zhaojh@wnmc.edu.cn Yuanyuan Li, Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China, Email hnlyy198717@163.com
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences in serum KLK5, IL-8, and IL-22 levels between patients with rosacea and healthy controls, compare the severity of Demodex mite infection between the two groups, explore the risk factors for the occurrence of rosacea, and to further explore the relationship between the severity of Demodex mite infection, risk factors and the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Methods: A total of 27 rosacea patients and 10 volunteers without any skin diseases were enrolled to assess Demodex mite infestation using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and to evaluate rosacea severity by clinician erythema assessment (CEA) and investigator global assessment (IGA). Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Additionally, lifestyle factors were surveyed via questionnaire in 30 rosacea patients and 30 volunteers.
Results: Elevated levels of KLK5, IL-8, and IL-22 were observed in the rosacea group compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). Dermoscopy revealed a higher density of Demodex mites in rosacea patients. Questionnaire analysis identified nine factors (age, gender, rest frequency, anxiety, sleep quality, smoking, drinking, allergy history, and family history) significantly associated with rosacea risk. After multivariate adjustment, age and poor sleep quality remained independent risk factors. Furthermore, severe Demodex infection correlated with significantly higher KLK5 and IL-8 levels than mild infection (P < 0.05). Among patients, anxiety was linked to increased KLK5 and IL-22, while poor sleep quality was associated with elevated KLK5 and IL-8.
Conclusion: We demonstrated a strong association between Demodex mite density and rosacea development. Importantly, significant elevations in serum KLK5, IL-8, and IL-22 were identified, supporting the role of Demodex mites in activating specific inflammatory pathways. The study further identified age and sleep quality as independent risk factors, underscoring the influence of psychological and lifestyle factors.
Keywords: rosacea, inflammatory cytokines, reflectance confocal microscope, questionnaire
1Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Jinhong Zhao, Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China, Email zhaojh@wnmc.edu.cn Yuanyuan Li, Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China, Email hnlyy198717@163.com
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences in serum KLK5, IL-8, and IL-22 levels between patients with rosacea and healthy controls, compare the severity of Demodex mite infection between the two groups, explore the risk factors for the occurrence of rosacea, and to further explore the relationship between the severity of Demodex mite infection, risk factors and the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Methods: A total of 27 rosacea patients and 10 volunteers without any skin diseases were enrolled to assess Demodex mite infestation using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and to evaluate rosacea severity by clinician erythema assessment (CEA) and investigator global assessment (IGA). Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Additionally, lifestyle factors were surveyed via questionnaire in 30 rosacea patients and 30 volunteers.
Results: Elevated levels of KLK5, IL-8, and IL-22 were observed in the rosacea group compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). Dermoscopy revealed a higher density of Demodex mites in rosacea patients. Questionnaire analysis identified nine factors (age, gender, rest frequency, anxiety, sleep quality, smoking, drinking, allergy history, and family history) significantly associated with rosacea risk. After multivariate adjustment, age and poor sleep quality remained independent risk factors. Furthermore, severe Demodex infection correlated with significantly higher KLK5 and IL-8 levels than mild infection (P < 0.05). Among patients, anxiety was linked to increased KLK5 and IL-22, while poor sleep quality was associated with elevated KLK5 and IL-8.
Conclusion: We demonstrated a strong association between Demodex mite density and rosacea development. Importantly, significant elevations in serum KLK5, IL-8, and IL-22 were identified, supporting the role of Demodex mites in activating specific inflammatory pathways. The study further identified age and sleep quality as independent risk factors, underscoring the influence of psychological and lifestyle factors.
Keywords: rosacea, inflammatory cytokines, reflectance confocal microscope, questionnaire