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已发表论文
绝经后女性骨矿物质密度低与静脉血栓栓塞风险评分较高有关
Authors Gong C, Ling F, Mao Y, Zhu X, Lu X, Wang J
Received 24 July 2025
Accepted for publication 4 November 2025
Published 17 November 2025 Volume 2025:17 Pages 4565—4575
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S556076
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Everett Magann
Chen Gong,1,2,* Feng Ling,1,* Yichao Mao,3,* Xianyang Zhu,1 Xiao Lu,2 Jiaxing Wang1,3
1Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Jiaxing Wang, Email wangjxspine@sina.com Xiao Lu, Email luxiao1972@163.com
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and osteoporosis are both prevalent and clinically significant conditions in postmenopausal women. These disorders share common risk factors, including estrogen deficiency and age-related physiological changes. Although emerging evidence suggests a link between reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and thrombotic events, current VTE risk assessment models do not incorporate BMD. This study aimed to investigate the association between BMD and VTE risk in postmenopausal women.
Methods: A total of 511 postmenopausal women hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January and December 2024 were enrolled. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. VTE risk was assessed using the Caprini Risk Assessment Score.
Results: Patients with osteoporosis had significantly higher Caprini scores compared to those with normal BMD (6.20 ± 3.20 vs 5.40 ± 2.60; p = 0.019). Additionally, levels of D-dimer 2 (DD2) and fibrinogen (FIB) increased as BMD decreased. Multivariate analysis identified the lowest BMD value as an independent predictor of elevated VTE risk (odds ratio = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003– 0.164; p < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between BMD and Caprini score (r = − 0.241; p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Lower BMD is independently associated with increased VTE risk in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that BMD may serve as a novel biomarker for VTE risk. Incorporating BMD into existing risk assessment models and considering thromboprophylaxis for individuals with low BMD are recommended.
Keywords: postmenopausal women, venous thromboembolism, caprini score, bone mineral density
1Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Jiaxing Wang, Email wangjxspine@sina.com Xiao Lu, Email luxiao1972@163.com
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and osteoporosis are both prevalent and clinically significant conditions in postmenopausal women. These disorders share common risk factors, including estrogen deficiency and age-related physiological changes. Although emerging evidence suggests a link between reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and thrombotic events, current VTE risk assessment models do not incorporate BMD. This study aimed to investigate the association between BMD and VTE risk in postmenopausal women.
Methods: A total of 511 postmenopausal women hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January and December 2024 were enrolled. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. VTE risk was assessed using the Caprini Risk Assessment Score.
Results: Patients with osteoporosis had significantly higher Caprini scores compared to those with normal BMD (6.20 ± 3.20 vs 5.40 ± 2.60; p = 0.019). Additionally, levels of D-dimer 2 (DD2) and fibrinogen (FIB) increased as BMD decreased. Multivariate analysis identified the lowest BMD value as an independent predictor of elevated VTE risk (odds ratio = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003– 0.164; p < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between BMD and Caprini score (r = − 0.241; p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Lower BMD is independently associated with increased VTE risk in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that BMD may serve as a novel biomarker for VTE risk. Incorporating BMD into existing risk assessment models and considering thromboprophylaxis for individuals with low BMD are recommended.
Keywords: postmenopausal women, venous thromboembolism, caprini score, bone mineral density