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已发表论文
椎间盘退变中的免疫机制与疼痛
Authors Cheng H , Wang L, Huang C, Yang Z, Wu H, Fang Z
Received 12 September 2025
Accepted for publication 13 November 2025
Published 1 December 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 16843—16855
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S565510
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Shouya Feng
Haozhe Cheng, Lice Wang, Chuang Huang, Zechuan Yang, Hua Wu, Zhong Fang
Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Hua Wu, Email wuhua@hust.edu.cn Zhong Fang, Email zhongfangtjh@hust.edu.cn
Abstract: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain and radicular pain, posing significant socio-economic challenges. The intervertebral disc is traditionally viewed as immune-privileged. This privilege is maintained by physical barriers and molecular factors such as Fas ligand. However, when these barriers are compromised, the nucleus pulposus (NP) can be exposed to the immune system. Recent evidence underscores a critical role for immune cells, particularly macrophages, in IVDD progression. This exposure can trigger an autoimmune response, leading to inflammation that aggravates dorsal root ganglion injury and results in hyperalgesia and pain. This review aims to autoimmunity, adaptive immunity, and the origins of pain in IVDD. We conclude that understanding these immune mechanisms is crucial, as they reveal promising avenues for future targeted immunotherapies.
Keywords: intervertebral disc degeneration, immunity, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, pain, inflammation
Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Hua Wu, Email wuhua@hust.edu.cn Zhong Fang, Email zhongfangtjh@hust.edu.cn
Abstract: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain and radicular pain, posing significant socio-economic challenges. The intervertebral disc is traditionally viewed as immune-privileged. This privilege is maintained by physical barriers and molecular factors such as Fas ligand. However, when these barriers are compromised, the nucleus pulposus (NP) can be exposed to the immune system. Recent evidence underscores a critical role for immune cells, particularly macrophages, in IVDD progression. This exposure can trigger an autoimmune response, leading to inflammation that aggravates dorsal root ganglion injury and results in hyperalgesia and pain. This review aims to autoimmunity, adaptive immunity, and the origins of pain in IVDD. We conclude that understanding these immune mechanisms is crucial, as they reveal promising avenues for future targeted immunotherapies.
Keywords: intervertebral disc degeneration, immunity, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, pain, inflammation