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已发表论文
用于口服给药的含细胞穿透肽的纳米颗粒：口服胰岛素给药的实例
Authors Wang Y, Song W, Wang T, Sheng Y, Xue S, Dang Y, Rasool A, Zhang G
Received 22 March 2025
Accepted for publication 23 June 2025
Published 29 November 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 14283—14312
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S529791
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. Anderson Oliveira Lobo
Yunyun Wang,1 Wangdi Song,1 Taiyu Wang,1 Yue Sheng,1 Shengnan Xue,1 Yanyan Dang,1 Aamir Rasool,2 Genlin Zhang1
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 78300, Pakistan
Correspondence: Genlin Zhang, Email zhgl_food@sina.com Aamir Rasool, Email aamir.biochemistry@um.uob.edu.pk
Abstract: The expanding protein-based drug market is facing limitations from invasive delivery methods. These methods can cause discomfort and pose infection risk, particularly for the chronic disease patients such as diabetes requiring insulin with adherence challenges. Oral insulin, though preferred, suffers from < 2% bioavailability, thus, nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) is becoming a highly promising strategy to enhance bioavailability and stability. However, the low expression of receptors and limited uptake capacity remain challenge. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) will enhance the permeability of epithelial cells, and combining them with nanoparticles (NPs) can further improve the stability of protein-based drugs in blood circulation and facilitate the development of efficient delivery carriers. This comprehensive review delves into the design, synthesis, classification, challenges, and cellular uptake mechanisms of CPPs-cargo complexes and CPPs-NP nanocarriers for insulin delivery. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth exploration of the challenges and prospects of these innovative approaches.
Keywords: diabetes, cell-penetrating peptides, insulin, nanoparticles, oral delivery
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 78300, Pakistan
Correspondence: Genlin Zhang, Email zhgl_food@sina.com Aamir Rasool, Email aamir.biochemistry@um.uob.edu.pk
Abstract: The expanding protein-based drug market is facing limitations from invasive delivery methods. These methods can cause discomfort and pose infection risk, particularly for the chronic disease patients such as diabetes requiring insulin with adherence challenges. Oral insulin, though preferred, suffers from < 2% bioavailability, thus, nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) is becoming a highly promising strategy to enhance bioavailability and stability. However, the low expression of receptors and limited uptake capacity remain challenge. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) will enhance the permeability of epithelial cells, and combining them with nanoparticles (NPs) can further improve the stability of protein-based drugs in blood circulation and facilitate the development of efficient delivery carriers. This comprehensive review delves into the design, synthesis, classification, challenges, and cellular uptake mechanisms of CPPs-cargo complexes and CPPs-NP nanocarriers for insulin delivery. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth exploration of the challenges and prospects of these innovative approaches.
Keywords: diabetes, cell-penetrating peptides, insulin, nanoparticles, oral delivery