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已发表论文
住院患者身体约束临床实践标准的制定与验证：一项多方法研究
Authors Luo R, Yu M, Zhou C, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Chen T
Received 19 May 2025
Accepted for publication 29 October 2025
Published 10 December 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 7919—7931
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S541461
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Professor Charles V Pollack
Ronghong Luo,1 Meiling Yu,1 Chun Zhou,2 Ya Wang,3 Cong Liu,4 Xuemei Zhang,4 Ting Chen5
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 4Center for Neurological Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Ting Chen, Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Shuanghu Branch Road, Huixing Sub-District, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China, Email 650679@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
Background: Physical restraint is commonly used in clinical settings to ensure patient safety, yet its application lacks standardization and may lead to adverse physical and psychological effects. There remains a significant gap in evidence-based guidelines tailored to nurses practices.
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate clinical practice standards for physical restraint in hospitalized patients from a nurses staff perspective and to evaluate their impact on nurses knowledge, attitude, behaviors, and patient outcomes.
Methods: A multi-stage design was employed, including a cross-sectional survey, semi-structured interviews, a Delphi expert consultation, and a controlled trial. The study involved 202 nurses and 100 patients from a tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China. The intervention group received standardized training based on the newly developed restraint criteria, while the control group followed routine protocols.
Results: The expert consultation achieved high consensus (Cr = 0.85). Post-training, the intervention group showed significant improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice scores (P < 0.05), and a reduction in restraint use and duration (P < 0.05). Although adverse event rates decreased in the intervention group, the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The developed standards effectively enhance nurses practice, reduce unnecessary restraint use, and maintain patient safety, supporting their integration into clinical nurses management.
Keywords: physical restraint, know-trust-behaviour score, observational study standard, nurses staff
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 4Center for Neurological Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Ting Chen, Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Shuanghu Branch Road, Huixing Sub-District, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China, Email 650679@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
Background: Physical restraint is commonly used in clinical settings to ensure patient safety, yet its application lacks standardization and may lead to adverse physical and psychological effects. There remains a significant gap in evidence-based guidelines tailored to nurses practices.
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate clinical practice standards for physical restraint in hospitalized patients from a nurses staff perspective and to evaluate their impact on nurses knowledge, attitude, behaviors, and patient outcomes.
Methods: A multi-stage design was employed, including a cross-sectional survey, semi-structured interviews, a Delphi expert consultation, and a controlled trial. The study involved 202 nurses and 100 patients from a tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China. The intervention group received standardized training based on the newly developed restraint criteria, while the control group followed routine protocols.
Results: The expert consultation achieved high consensus (Cr = 0.85). Post-training, the intervention group showed significant improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice scores (P < 0.05), and a reduction in restraint use and duration (P < 0.05). Although adverse event rates decreased in the intervention group, the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The developed standards effectively enhance nurses practice, reduce unnecessary restraint use, and maintain patient safety, supporting their integration into clinical nurses management.
Keywords: physical restraint, know-trust-behaviour score, observational study standard, nurses staff