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已发表论文
中国年轻女性早发性肺癌负担日益加重：2021 年全球疾病负担研究分析
Authors Song J, Liang Q, Wei H, Ning L, He B, Zhang Z, Meng Y
Received 12 September 2025
Accepted for publication 30 December 2025
Published 8 January 2026 Volume 2026:18 567179
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S567179
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Everett Magann
Jianmei Song,1,* Qichen Liang,2,* Haixiang Wei,3 Lu Ning,3 Baoyu He,4 Ziteng Zhang,3,5 Yanhong Meng6
1Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 3Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 5Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 81000, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yanhong Meng, Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China, Email 187297131@qq.com Ziteng Zhang, Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China, Email zitengzhang1353@163.com
Purpose: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, this study employed a multi-level comparative approach to assess the global, regional, and national burden of early-onset lung cancer (EOLC, diagnosed before age 50) from 1990 to 2021. This design enabled the identification of distinctive epidemiological patterns. Within this framework, the primary objective was to determine and characterize the specific burden of EOLC among young women in China. A secondary objective was to evaluate the corresponding burdens in young women globally and regionally to provide essential context for interpreting the findings from China.
Patients and Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to assess trends in EOLC incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021. Analyses were conducted globally, regionally, and nationally for individuals under 50. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) were calculated, and Joinpoint regression was employed to evaluate temporal changes.
Results: In China, EOLC rates declined among men and the overall population but increased significantly among women beginning in 2015 (APC for incidence: +2.0%, 2015– 2021). Attribution analysis showed that occupational exposures contributed an increasing share of EOLC deaths among Chinese women, rising from 7.37% in 1990 to 10.47% in 2021, compounded by persistent effects from secondhand smoke and air pollution—particularly particulate matter pollution, which accounted for 25.75% of deaths and 25.58% of DALYs in 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of EOLC remained substantial. While age-standardized incidence and mortality rates showed a declining trend, tobacco smoking persisted as the predominant risk factor, accounting for the largest proportion of attributable deaths. Marked disparities in this burden were observed across regions and between sexes.
Conclusion: The EOLC burden is shifting toward low- and middle-SDI regions. Within this transition, a distinct and rising burden among young women in China has emerged as a critical public health concern. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies that address sex- and region-specific risk factors, particularly occupational and environmental exposures in rapidly developing settings.
Keywords: EOLC, global burden of disease, Chinese young woman, epidemiology, trend analysis
1Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 3Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China; 5Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 81000, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yanhong Meng, Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China, Email 187297131@qq.com Ziteng Zhang, Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China, Email zitengzhang1353@163.com
Purpose: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, this study employed a multi-level comparative approach to assess the global, regional, and national burden of early-onset lung cancer (EOLC, diagnosed before age 50) from 1990 to 2021. This design enabled the identification of distinctive epidemiological patterns. Within this framework, the primary objective was to determine and characterize the specific burden of EOLC among young women in China. A secondary objective was to evaluate the corresponding burdens in young women globally and regionally to provide essential context for interpreting the findings from China.
Patients and Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to assess trends in EOLC incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021. Analyses were conducted globally, regionally, and nationally for individuals under 50. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) were calculated, and Joinpoint regression was employed to evaluate temporal changes.
Results: In China, EOLC rates declined among men and the overall population but increased significantly among women beginning in 2015 (APC for incidence: +2.0%, 2015– 2021). Attribution analysis showed that occupational exposures contributed an increasing share of EOLC deaths among Chinese women, rising from 7.37% in 1990 to 10.47% in 2021, compounded by persistent effects from secondhand smoke and air pollution—particularly particulate matter pollution, which accounted for 25.75% of deaths and 25.58% of DALYs in 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of EOLC remained substantial. While age-standardized incidence and mortality rates showed a declining trend, tobacco smoking persisted as the predominant risk factor, accounting for the largest proportion of attributable deaths. Marked disparities in this burden were observed across regions and between sexes.
Conclusion: The EOLC burden is shifting toward low- and middle-SDI regions. Within this transition, a distinct and rising burden among young women in China has emerged as a critical public health concern. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies that address sex- and region-specific risk factors, particularly occupational and environmental exposures in rapidly developing settings.
Keywords: EOLC, global burden of disease, Chinese young woman, epidemiology, trend analysis