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已发表论文
在欧洲血统人群中，人乳头瘤病毒与新冠病毒感染之间无遗传预测关联：一项孟德尔随机化分析
Authors Tao SS, Ge M, Cai YF, Xu SZ, He YS, Xu YQ, He T, Dai XF, Hu X, Wang P, Pan HF
Received 13 June 2025
Accepted for publication 18 November 2025
Published 8 January 2026 Volume 2026:18 546854
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S546854
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Matteo Frigerio
Sha-Sha Tao,1– 3,* Man Ge,1,2,* Yi-Fan Cai,4,* Shu-Zhen Xu,1,2 Yi-Sheng He,1,2 Yi-Qing Xu,1,2 Tian He,1,2 Xiao-Fan Dai,5 Xiao Hu,6 Peng Wang,6 Hai-Feng Pan1,2
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 3Preventive Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Public Utilities Management, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 6Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Hai-Feng Pan, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Email panhaifeng1982@sina.com; panhaifeng@ahmu.edu.cn Peng Wang, Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Email wangpeng19910318@sina.com
Purpose: Previous studies reveal that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection accelerates the progression of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, but the results remain controversial. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal association between HPV infection and COVID-19 using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from European ancestry populations.
Patients and Methods: Genetic summary data of HPV infection and COVID-19 were derived from the public GWAS meta-analysis and the COVID-19 host genetics initiative GWAS, respectively. The causal link between HPV infection and COVID-19 was evaluated by MR analysis with inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Additional MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and MR-Egger regression methods were used to identify the potential pleiotropy of the instrumental variables (IVs). Bonferroni correction was used to account for the issue of multiple comparisons, leading to a statistically significant P-value of less than 0.004 (0.05/2*3*2).
Results: There were no significantly causal links of HPV-16 or HPV-18 infection with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, or severe COVID-19 (all P> 0.05). Furthermore, no significant causal effect of all three types of COVID-19 on HPV-16 and HPV-18 was observed in the reverse MR analyses (all P> 0.05). MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO global test did not find the presence of horizontal pleiotropy between IVs of HPV infection and COVID-19.
Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-19 infection does not affect the risk of HPV-16/18 infection, nor does HPV-16/18 infection increase COVID-19 infection risk. It highlights the need to maintain routine health management and no change to HPV prevention strategies.
Keywords: HPV, COVID-19, mendelian randomization, causal relationship, genetic association
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 3Preventive Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Public Utilities Management, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 6Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Hai-Feng Pan, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Email panhaifeng1982@sina.com; panhaifeng@ahmu.edu.cn Peng Wang, Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Email wangpeng19910318@sina.com
Purpose: Previous studies reveal that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection accelerates the progression of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, but the results remain controversial. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal association between HPV infection and COVID-19 using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from European ancestry populations.
Patients and Methods: Genetic summary data of HPV infection and COVID-19 were derived from the public GWAS meta-analysis and the COVID-19 host genetics initiative GWAS, respectively. The causal link between HPV infection and COVID-19 was evaluated by MR analysis with inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Additional MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and MR-Egger regression methods were used to identify the potential pleiotropy of the instrumental variables (IVs). Bonferroni correction was used to account for the issue of multiple comparisons, leading to a statistically significant P-value of less than 0.004 (0.05/2*3*2).
Results: There were no significantly causal links of HPV-16 or HPV-18 infection with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, or severe COVID-19 (all P> 0.05). Furthermore, no significant causal effect of all three types of COVID-19 on HPV-16 and HPV-18 was observed in the reverse MR analyses (all P> 0.05). MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO global test did not find the presence of horizontal pleiotropy between IVs of HPV infection and COVID-19.
Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-19 infection does not affect the risk of HPV-16/18 infection, nor does HPV-16/18 infection increase COVID-19 infection risk. It highlights the need to maintain routine health management and no change to HPV prevention strategies.
Keywords: HPV, COVID-19, mendelian randomization, causal relationship, genetic association