已发表论文

骨生成与修复中的外泌体:聚焦骨微环境的相互作用及工程生物材料设计

 

Authors Lin Y, Xie Y, He Y, Zhang M, Li J, He J 

Received 18 September 2025

Accepted for publication 24 December 2025

Published 8 January 2026 Volume 2026:21 568671

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S568671

Checked for plagiarism Yes

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 3

Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. RDK Misra

Yao Lin,1,* Yirui Xie,1,* Yanfang He,2 Manting Zhang,1 Jiekai Li,1 Junbing He1 

1Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University), Jieyang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2The Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Junbing He; Yao Lin, Email Junbingg@gdmu.edu.cn; ly1010@stu.jnu.edu.cn

Abstract: The development of effective therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration and repair has proven to be highly challenging due to the sluggish and unpredictable nature of the healing process. Under pathological conditions, impaired cellular function can lead to poor biomineralization and compromised bone healing, resulting in various failures. Exosomes, as potent intercellular communicators capable of delivering diverse bioactive cargo, offer significant therapeutic promise. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of their roles in the bone healing microenvironment and biomaterial design poses challenges for exosome-based therapies. This review provides the essential biological context for exosome application in bone regeneration, with a dual focus. First, we elucidate the pivotal roles of exosomes in mediating bone microenvironmental crosstalk, emphasizing their critical involvement in immunomodulation (eg, macrophage polarization), osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, osteoclast-osteoblast balance, neuro-skeletal communication, and dynamic extracellular matrix remodeling, rather than merely listing cell-specific functions. Second, building on this foundation, we summarize the rationale for engineering exosomal biomaterial designs. This includes strategies for exosome optimization (eg, targeting modifications, cargo loading, parental cell stimulation) and their integration with functional scaffolds to modulate the identified crosstalk pathways and create a conducive microenvironment. By delineating exosome functions within the bone microenvironmental network and outlining corresponding biomaterial engineering strategies, this review offers a holistic perspective essential for advancing exosome-based therapies.

Keywords: exosome, osteogenic microenvironments, biomaterials, intercellular interaction