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已发表论文
纳米药物重塑肿瘤微环境：从调控“屏障”到代谢干预的多维策略
Authors Zhao X, Liu D , Li G , Xu W, Wu G
Received 29 September 2025
Accepted for publication 25 December 2025
Published 14 January 2026 Volume 2026:21 570411
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S570411
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Professor Eng San Thian
Xinming Zhao,1,* Dequan Liu,1,* Guandu Li,1,* Wenfei Xu,2 Guangzhen Wu1
1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multiomics and Molecular Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, Email wuguang0613@hotmail.com Wenfei Xu, Email xuwenfei.2020@tsinghua.org.cn
Abstract: Nanoparticle-driven remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) represents a transformative strategy in cancer therapy, shifting from traditional approaches to multidimensional modulation. This review explores how engineered nanoparticles precisely target and alter key TME components—including immune cells (eg, NK cells, dendritic cells, T cells), cancer-associated fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix—to overcome “Chemical barriers” and “physical barriers”. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of nanoparticles in reprogramming TME metabolism, such as alleviating hypoxia, disrupting the Warburg effect, and modulating lipid and adenosine metabolism. By integrating immune activation with metabolic intervention, nanomedicines not only enhance anti-tumor immunity but also restore metabolic balance, offering a synergistic and potent therapeutic avenue for overcoming treatment resistance and inhibiting tumor progression.
Keywords: tumor microenvironment, nanomedicine, metabolic reprogramming, drug delivery
1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multiomics and Molecular Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, Email wuguang0613@hotmail.com Wenfei Xu, Email xuwenfei.2020@tsinghua.org.cn
Abstract: Nanoparticle-driven remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) represents a transformative strategy in cancer therapy, shifting from traditional approaches to multidimensional modulation. This review explores how engineered nanoparticles precisely target and alter key TME components—including immune cells (eg, NK cells, dendritic cells, T cells), cancer-associated fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix—to overcome “Chemical barriers” and “physical barriers”. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of nanoparticles in reprogramming TME metabolism, such as alleviating hypoxia, disrupting the Warburg effect, and modulating lipid and adenosine metabolism. By integrating immune activation with metabolic intervention, nanomedicines not only enhance anti-tumor immunity but also restore metabolic balance, offering a synergistic and potent therapeutic avenue for overcoming treatment resistance and inhibiting tumor progression.
Keywords: tumor microenvironment, nanomedicine, metabolic reprogramming, drug delivery