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Authors Li K, Wang XF, Li DY, Chen YC, Zhao LJ, Liu XG, Guo YF, Shen J, Lin X, Deng J, Zhou R, Deng HW
Received 19 November 2017
Accepted for publication 10 August 2018
Published 28 November 2018 Volume 2018:13 Pages 2443—2452
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S157523
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Andrew Yee
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Richard Walker
Abstract: Calcium is an
important integrative component of the human body and critical for human
health. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the
prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most
serious public health problems across the world. However, community-dwelling
adults with and without osteoporosis are rarely concerned or even not aware of
the potential side effects of high or inappropriate doses of calcium intake.
Some recent studies have revealed that excessive calcium intake might increase
the risks of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article was to review
the health benefits, costs, and consequences of calcium supplementation on
osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, kidney stones,
gastrointestinal diseases, and other important diseases. In the end, we suggest
that calcium supplementation should be prescribed and taken cautiously,
accounting for individual patients’ risks and benefits. Clearly, further
studies are needed to examine the health effects of calcium supplementation to
make any solid recommendations for people of different genders, ages, and
ethnicities.
Keywords: calcium,
osteoporosis, osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular diseases, kidney stones,
gastrointestinal diseases