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Authors Wang Y, Fang K, He S, Fan Y, Yu J, Zhang X
Received 24 December 2018
Accepted for publication 5 March 2019
Published 11 April 2019 Volume 2019:15 Pages 927—934
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S199328
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Andrew Yee
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Yu-Ping Ning
Background: The mechanism of action of repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) involves the generation of neuronal
and action potentials utilizing induced currents in time-varying magnetic
fields. However, the long-lasting and effective biological impact of magnetic
stimulation does not appear to be completely explained by the transient
magnetic field pulses. In this context, we hypothesized magnetic stimulation
may affect the expression of iron-containing enzymes in neurons, mediating the
long-lasting biological effects associated with this stimulus.
Methods: Primarily
cultured hippocampus neurons from SD rats were used as the cell model in this
study. These were randomly divided into control, sham, and magnetic stimulation
groups to probe into the effect of the magnetic field directly. The latter
group received 40%, 60%, and 100% maximal stimulator output Tesla (1.68, 2.52,
and 4.2 T) with low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz). The expression of iron-containing
enzymes (catalase and aconitase) and non-ferrous enzymes (protein kinase A) was
measured with Western blotting and ELISA.
Results: The
survival rates of neurons in the 40%T and 60%T groups were significantly
increased in comparison to the controls (P <0.05), while those in the 100%T group showed cell
damage, with slightly disturbed neurite connections and decreased survival
rate. Furthermore, catalase and aconitase expression was higher in all of the
stimulated groups in comparison to controls (P <0.05). On the other hand, the expression of the
iron-containing enzymes decreased in the 100%T group in comparison with the
40%T and 60%T groups (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of protein
kinase A was not significantly increased in the groups which underwent magnetic
stimulation.
Conclusion: rTMS
may increase the expression of ferrous enzymes but does not have a strong
effect on non-ferrous enzymes. Excessive intensity of magnetic stimulation may
reduce neuronal survival rate and affect the expression of iron-containing
enzymes. The mechanism underlying the lasting effect of rTMS may be related to
the increase of ferriferous expression induced by magnetic stimulation, with a
clear correlation with stimulation intensity.
Keywords: hippocampus,
iron-containing enzymes, neuromechanisms, repetitive magnetic stimulation