Purpose: To determine what metabolic abnormalities develop frequently among metabolically healthy adults over time according to different baseline body mass index (BMI) categories.
Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 10,805 adults, who were metabolically healthy at the time of the 2008 survey. Participants were divided into four groups: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHN), and metabolically healthy underweight (MHU). Modified Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the relationship of BMI with the development of metabolic abnormalities. Association rule mining was used to identify the most frequent abnormalities that developed over time.
Results: Compared with the MHN group, the adjusted relative risks of the MHO group were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.09– 2.27) and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.59– 2.73) for developing elevated fasting glucose and elevated blood pressure, respectively, after adjusting for lifestyle behaviours and dietary factors. At the end of follow-up, 33 (19.1%) MHO subjects and 342 (16.6%) MHOW subjects had elevated blood pressure as the predominant metabolic syndrome component, whereas 236 (9.0%) MHU subjects had elevated plasma glucose. The results were similar after stratification by sex.
Conclusion: MHO and MHOW subjects developed elevated blood pressure most frequently, and MHU subjects developed elevated blood glucose most commonly, regardless of sex.
Keywords: metabolic diseases, diabetes, hypertension, risk factors