Background: Candida tropicalis  is the most common non-albicans Candida  species identified in immunocompromised patients, which often appears with high mortality. However, data on the outcomes of treatment for Candida tropicalis  fungemia in patients with neutropenia remain limited.
Methods: In the present study, 90 neutropenic adult patients with proven Candida tropicalis  fungemia, who received initial antifungal therapy, were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: These results revealed that the overall 8-day and 30-day mortality among patients in the entire data set were 22.2% and 33.3%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the survival and death group, in terms of baseline characteristics. The univariate analysis of risk factors identified the treatment with azole as a predictor of mortality, while treatments that containing amphotericin B were associated with reduced mortality. In addition, the survival rate on day 30 was observed in 60.7% (17/28) of patients who were initially treated with echinocandins, while this was observed in 86.4% (19/22, P= 0.039) and 100% (13/13, P= 0.024) of patients treated with amphotericin B plus echinocandins and amphotericin B, respectively.
Conclusion: These data indicate for the first time that the initial therapy with amphotericin B-based agents was associated with a better survival rate and could be assessed as the optimal strategy for the treatment of Candida tropicalis  fungemia in patients with neutropenia.
Keywords: Candida tropicalis , candidemia, hematological malignancy, neutropenia, amphotericin B, echinocandins