Objective: We estimated the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), infection control programs (ICP), and environmental cleaning (ENC) for controlling the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii  (AB) and controlling the incidence of multidrug-resistant AB (MDRAB), extensively drug-resistant AB (XDRAB), and nosocomial infection AB in the ICU (NIAB-ICU) at a university hospital.
Methods: The intervention included 4-year AMS+ICP and 3-year AMS+ICP+ENC between January 2012 and December 2019.
Results: A total of 2636 AB isolates were collected totally, and 64.98% of AB isolates were MDR and 29.97% were XDR. Preintervention and postintervention incidences of MDRAB, XDRAB, and NIAB-ICU by AMS+ICP measures ranged from 84.96% to 71.98%, 41.96% to 33.13%, and 45.6% to 38%, respectively. However, all of them were not statistically changed (P=0.085, 0.072, 0.061, separately). The preintervention and postintervention incidences of MDRAB, XDRAB, and NIAB-ICU by AMS+ICP+ENC measures ranged from 71.98% to 36.55%, 33.13% to 19.88%, and 38% to 22.5%, respectively. Statistically significant declines were observed (P=0.016, 0.041, 0.032, separately). The defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 patient-days (PD) decreased from 45± 3.3 to 30.81± 1.5 per 1000 PD across from 2012 to 2019, and a statistical decline was seen (P=0.01). Concurrently, the alcohol-based hand gel (ABHG) consumption per 1000 PD increased from 0.6± 0.05 L to 12.5± 2.3 L per 1000 PD, and a statistical increase was observed (P=0.0001). A statistically positive correlation was revealed between the DDD and incidence of MDRAB, XDRAB, and NIAB-ICU (r=0.905 and p=0.002; r=0.939 and p=0.001; r=0.956 and p=0.0002; respectively). Simultaneously, a statistically negative correlation was showed between the ABHG and incidence of MDRAB, XDRAB, and NIAB-ICU (r=− 0.858 and p=0.006; r=− 0.888 and p=0.003; r=− 0.882 and p=0.004, separately).
Conclusion: The AMS, ICP, and ENC may be one of the most effective and best measures to address the increasing incidence of MDRAB, XDRAB, and NIAB-ICU currently.
Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii , antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, infection control programs, environmental cleaning