Purpose: Candida albicans  (C. albicans ) candidemia has been well reported in previous studies, while research on non-albicans Candida  (NAC) bloodstream infections remains poorly explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with NAC candidemia.
Patients and Methods: We recruited inpatients with candidemia from January 2013 to June 2020 in a tertiary hospital for this retrospective observational study.
Results: A total of 301 patients with candidemia were recruited in the current study, including 161 (53.5%) patients with NAC candidemia. The main pathogens in NAC candidemia were Candida tropicalis  (C. tropicalis ) (23.9%), Candida parapsilosis  (15.6%) and Candida glabrata  (10.3%). Patients with NAC candidemia had more medical admissions (P =0.034), a higher percentage of hematological malignancies (P =0.007), a higher frequency of antifungal exposure (P =0.012), and more indwelling peripherally inserted central catheters (P =0.002) than those with C. albicans  candidemia. In a multivariable analysis, prior antifungal exposure was independently related to NAC candidemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.312; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.113– 0.859). Additionally, NAC was obviously resistant to azoles, especially C. tropicalis  had a high cross-resistance to azoles. However, no significant differences were noted in the mortality rates at 14 days, 28 days and 60 days between these two groups.
Conclusion: NAC is dominant in candidemia, and prior antifungal exposure is an independent risk factor. Of note, although the outcomes of NAC and C. albicans  candidemia are similar, drug resistance to specific azoles as well as cross-resistance frequently occurs in patients with NAC candidemia, and this drug resistance deserves attention in clinical practice and further in-depth investigation.
Keywords: non-albicans  candidemia, clinical features, risk factor, cross-resistance