Background: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is considered the first-choice treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii  pneumonia (PJP) in recipients of solid organ transplantation. However, this treatment is associated with various severe adverse events that might not be tolerable for some renal transplant recipients, and the optimal dose remains elusive. The present study assessed the efficacy of low-dose TMP-SMX in recipients of a deceased donor kidney.
Methods: A total of 37 adult deceased donor kidney recipients who suffered PJP between January 2015 and June 2020 were included. The survival rates of the patients and grafts, the rate of invasive ventilation, and adverse events, including gastrointestinal discomfort, hematologic side effects, hyperkalemia, and renal function impairments, were assessed.
Results: The patient and graft survival rates were both 100%. Two patients (5.4%) required invasive ventilation. Eight patients (21.6%) reported gastrointestinal discomfort, but none required dose reduction or discontinued treatment. The frequencies of hematologic side effects, hyperkalemia and impaired kidney function were 5.4% (2/37), 2.7% (1/37), and 2.7% (1/37), respectively.
Conclusion: Optimization of TMP-SMX dose may reduce the risk of adverse events without compromising efficacy for the treatment of PJP in deceased donor kidney recipients.
Keywords: efficacy, low dose, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Pneumocystis jirovecii  pneumonia, deceased donor kidney recipients