Background: The unsafe behavior of passengers frequently causes metro operation accidents. This research aims to establish a model for evaluating the risk of unsafe behavior among subway passengers and for assessing the severity of different types of accidents caused by passenger unsafe behavior.
Methods: A risk assessment model that combines the Interaction Matrix (IM) model with a Monte Carlo algorithm was established to quantitatively test the risk of unsafe behavior among passengers. Based on the initial data of 234 cases, the behavioral risks in accidents were simulated, and the resulting risks follow a normal distribution. After analyzing the differences in behavioral risk distribution characteristics, the targeted risk mitigation countermeasures were obtained.
Results: Results showed that there are 12 kinds of unsafe behaviors related to 4 metro operation accident types. Among them, crowded stampede caused by four kinds of passengers’ unsafe behavior has the highest risk mean (μ) of 5.14, followed by escalator injury (4.72), pinched by a shielding barrier (4.42) and fall injury (4.14).
Conclusion: The severity of different types of accidents caused by different unsafe behaviors of passengers was obtained, which can provide a basis for targeted risk mitigation strategies and measures.
Keywords: passenger unsafe behaviors, metro operation safety, interaction matrix model, IM model, Monte Carlo algorithm, risk mitigation