Background: The associations of two novel inflammation biomarkers, systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII), with mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are not well-characterized.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with CHF in two medical centers of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. The outcomes of this study included in-hospital mortality and long-term mortality. Associations of SIRI and SII with mortality were assessed using multivariable regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.
Results: A total of 6232 patients with CHF were included in the present study. We documented 97 cases of in-hospital mortality and 1738 cases of long-term mortality during an average 5.01-year follow-up. Compared with patients in the lowest quartile of SIRI, those in the highest quartile exhibited 134% higher risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16– 4.72) and 45% higher risk of long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25– 1.67). Compared with patients in the lowest quartile of SII, those in the highest quartile exhibited 27% higher risk of long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11– 1.46). In ROC analyses, SIRI showed better prognostic discrimination than C-reactive protein (area under the curve: 69.39 vs 60.91, P = 0.01, for in-hospital mortality; 61.82 vs 58.67, P = 0.03, for 3-year mortality), whereas SII showed similar prognostic value with C-reactive protein.
Conclusion: SIRI and SII were significantly associated with mortality risk in patients with CHF. SIRI may provide better prognostic discrimination than C-reactive protein.

Keywords: systemic inflammation, systemic immune inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, chronic heart failure, mortality risk