Abstract: The gut-islets axis is an important endocrine signaling axis that regulates the function of islets by modulating the gut micro-environment and its endocrine metabolism. The discovery of intestinal hormones, such as GLP-1 and GIP, has established a preliminary link between the gut and the islet, paving the way for the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists based on the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis for diabetes treatment. This discovery has created a new paradigm for diabetes management and rapidly made the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis a focal point of research attention. Recent years, with in-depth study on gut microbiota and the discovery of intestinal-derived extracellular vesicles, the concept of gut endocrine and the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis have been further expanded and updated, offering tremendous research opportunities. The gut-islets axis refers to the complex interplay between the gut and the islet, which plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis and maintaining metabolic health. The axis involves various components, including gut microbiota, intestinal hormones, amino acids and ACE2, which contribute to the communication and coordination between the gut and the islet.

Keywords: islets β cell, diabetes, GLP-1, gut microbiota, ACE2