Cuixiang Shao,1,2 Qi Chen,3 Siwen Tang,4 Chaowen Wang,1 Renjuan Sun5 

1Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China; 2Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Intensive Care Unit, First People ‘s Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang, 314299, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Renjuan Sun, Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13813479833, Email sunrj2023rj@163.com

Purpose: This study aimed to create, verify and assess the clinical utility of a prediction model for maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women with hypothyroidism.
Methods: A prediction model was developed, and its accuracy was tested using data from a retrospective cohort. The study focused exclusively on female patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism who were admitted to a tertiary hospital. The development and validation cohort comprised individuals who gave birth between 1 October 2020 and 31 December 2022. The primary outcome was a combination of crucial maternal and newborn problems (eg premature births, abortions and neonatal asphyxia). The prediction model was developed using logistic regression. Evaluation of the model’s performance was conducted based on its ability to discriminate, calibrate and provide clinical value.
Results: In total, nine variables were chosen to develop the predictive model for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes during pregnancy with hypothyroidism. The area under the curve of the model for predicting maternal adverse outcomes was 0.845, and that for predicting neonatal adverse outcomes was 0.685. The calibration plots showed good agreement between the nomogram predictions and the actual observations in both the training and validation cohorts. Furthermore, decision curve analysis suggested that the nomograms were clinically useful and had good discriminative power to identify high-risk mother–infant cases.
Conclusion: Two models to predict the risk probability of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women with hypothyroidism were developed and verified to assist physicians in evaluating maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes throughout pregnancy with hypothyroidism and to facilitate decision-making regarding therapy.

Keywords: pregnancy with hypothyroidism, maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, nomogram, forecasting model