Lu Zhang,1– 3,* Fei Teng,1,2,* Huajie Xin,1,2 Wei Xu,1,2 Wei Wu,4 Chenguo Yao,3 Zhiqiang Wang1,2 

1Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China; 2Center of Thoracic Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China; 3The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, College of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China; 4College of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Lu Zhang; Zhiqiang Wang, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China, Email luzhang_524@aliyun.com; zhiqiangwang@21cn.com

Abstract: Patients diagnosed with glioma typically face a limited life expectancy (around 15 months on average), a bleak prognosis, and a high likelihood of recurrence. As such, glioma is recognized as a significant form of malignancy. Presently, the treatment options for glioma include traditional approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Regrettably, the efficacy of these treatments has been less than optimal. Nevertheless, a promising development in glioma treatment lies in the use of hydrogel nano-systems as sophisticated delivery systems. These nano-systems have demonstrated exceptional therapeutic effects in the treatment of glioma by various responsive ways, including temperature-response, pH-response, liposome-response, ROS-response, light-response, and enzyme-response. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of both the therapeutic application of hydrogel nano-systems in managing glioma and the underlying immune action mechanisms.

Keywords: glioma, hydrogel nano-system, immunotherapy, tumor immune microenvironment