Xinyue Yi,1,2,* Pengyuan Leng,1,* Supeng Wang,2 Liangle Liu,1 Bingju Xie1 

1The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Liangle Liu; Bingju Xie, Email liuliangle@wmu.edu.cn; xiebingju@wmu.edu.cn

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, affecting more than 595 million people worldwide. Nanomaterials possess superior physicochemical properties and can influence pathological processes due to their unique structural features, such as size, surface interface, and photoelectromagnetic thermal effects. Unlike traditional OA treatments, which suffer from short half-life, low stability, poor bioavailability, and high systemic toxicity, nanotherapeutic strategies for OA offer longer half-life, enhanced targeting, improved bioavailability, and reduced systemic toxicity. These advantages effectively address the limitations of traditional therapies. This review aims to inspire researchers to develop more multifunctional nanomaterials and promote their practical application in OA treatment.

Keywords: nanostructures, osteoarthritis, drug delivery systems, nanomedicine, precision medicine