Beibei Luo,1 Baolong Pan,2 Guancheng Zhao,1 Jiefen Li,1 Li Sun1 

1Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 653100, People’s Republic of China; 2Physical Examination Center, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 653100, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Baolong Pan, Physical Examination Center, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 21 Nieer Road, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 653100, People’s Republic of China, Email pbl1210@126.com

Introduction: Serum magnesium is a crucial mineral within the human body. It is imperative for diabetic patients to maintain optimal serum magnesium levels. We focus on the relationship between glycemic control and serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: The retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study comprised 1694 patients recruited from the People’s Hospital of Yuxi. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis, accompanied by the recording of participants’ demographic characteristics. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels < 7%. A t-test was employed to identify significant differences between the two groups. Correlation coefficients were calculated using Pearson’s method. A Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between variables and glycemic control. A linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between serum magnesium levels and HbA1c.
Results: Patients with poor glycemic control exhibited elevated age, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) compared to those with good glycemic control (P < 0.001). Additionally, total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly higher in patients with poor glycemic control. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and serum magnesium levels were lower in patients with poor glycemic control. Serum magnesium levels exhibited negative correlations with HOMA-IR (r = − 0.05, P < 0.05), HbA1c (r = − 0.29, P < 0.05), and FPG (r = − 0.20, P < 0.05). Moreover, serum magnesium was significantly associated with reduced odds of glycemic control (OR = 0.0005, 95% CI 0.0001– 0.0027, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The serum magnesium level in patients with T2DM is closely associated with glycemic control.

Keywords: serum magnesium, glycaemic control, diabetes