Xinchen Wang,1,* Haiwei Bu,1,2,* Chen Wei,1 Jingyi Liu,1– 3 Yuewen Qi,3,4 Weichao Shan,1– 3 Ying Zhang,1– 3 Lixian Sun1– 3 

1Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People’s Republic of China; 2The Cardiovascular Research Institute of Chengde, Chengde, People’s Republic of China; 3Hebei Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases, Chengde, People’s Republic of China; 4Central Laboratory of The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Lixian Sun, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China, No. 36, Nanyingzi Street, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0314 227 9016, Fax +86 0314 227 4895, Email lixiansun01@126.com

Purpose: To elucidate the predictive values of adipocytokines in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Patients and Methods: Overall, 297 patients with ACS were consecutively enrolled in this prospective cohort study between June 2015 and July 2017 and completed follow-up with a median follow-up time of 6.5 years. For consistency, the last visit date was June 20, 2023. Serum levels of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1), adrenomedullin (ADM), netrin 1 (NTN 1), and omentin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Follow-up data were collected during clinical visits or through telephone interviews at 1, 3, 6, 12 months, and annually. The primary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality, rehospitalization for percutaneous coronary intervention, and severe angina requiring rehospitalization.
Results: All biomarkers displayed a good diagnostic ability of MACEs. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the cumulative survival rates of high level of RBP4, IL-1β, and MCP-1 and low level of the ADM, NTN1, and omentin had lower cumulative survival rates (Log rank tests: all p< 0.05). After adjustment in the Cox hazard proportional model, the results were RBP4 ≥ 6.87 ng/mL, hazard ratio (HR)=2.512, p=0.003; IL-1β≥ 58.95 pg/mL, HR=3.809, p< 0.001; MCP-1 ≥ 401.75 pg/mL, HR=4.047, p< 0.001; ADM≤ 120.01 ng/mL, HR=3.930, p=0.008; NTN1 ≤ 63.7 pg/mL, HR=3.345, p=0.007; omentin ≤ 4.54 ng/mL, HR=2.830, p=0.004. P-values for interaction were > 0.05 in the sex, age, and dyslipidemia subgroups.
Conclusion: Pro-inflammation adipocytokines RBP4, IL-1β, and MCP-1 increased and anti-inflammation biomarkers ADM, NTN1, and omentin decreased were independently associated with a higher risk of MACEs in patients with ACS.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, adipocytokines, prognosis