Caixing Shi,1 Yueyao Li,2 Zhidong You,3 Yiran Tian,4 Xiaoyu Zhu,4 Hao Xu,4 Menghan Yang,4 Yutong Zhang,4 Rui Dong,4 Huirong Quan,4 Yongyi Shang,4 Xiaojin Li1 

1School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Xiaojin Li, School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 hehua Road, Taibai Lake New District, Jining, 272067, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615265775150, Email jinli10221@163.com

Purpose: Acute liver injury (ALI) is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Although mangiferin (MGF) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, its role in ALI remains unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the MGF molecular mechanism in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro.
Materials and Methods: The CCl4 was utilized to induce ALI in mice. In vivo, the therapeutic effects of MGF on CCl4-induced liver injury were evaluated through biochemical assays and histomorphological analysis. Additionally, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA and Western blotting were further applied to explore the mechanism. In vitro, The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the protective effects of MGF against CCl4-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels and Western blotting were used to explore the biological effects and molecular mechanisms.
Results: MGF treatment resulted in a reduction in serum levels of AST and ALT, diminished concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in liver tissue, and concurrently decreased cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, MGF pretreatment enhanced the activity of SOD and GSH while concurrently diminishing the MDA production. This study further demonstrated the upregulation of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 protein expression levels, as well as the downregulation of p-p65 protein expression levels. In vitro investigations revealed that the mitigation of CCl4-induced inflammation and OS by MGF was mediated via the Nrf2- antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which was disrupted by ML385 in HepG2 cells.
Conclusion: CCl4 can induce liver injury, while treatment with MGF mitigates ALI by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The protective mechanism of MGF is mediated by the Nrf2-ARE pathway activation.

Keywords: mangiferin, liver injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, Nrf2