Jinye Gu,1,* Yang Liu,1,* Xiaoyan Lin,1 Lei Fu,1 Jianbo Liu,1 Bona Sun,2 Xiaoyu Li,3 Bo Lu3 

1Department of Anesthesiology, Zhenhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, 315200, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynaecology, Zhenhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, 315200, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No. 2 hospital, Ningbo, 315010, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Bo Lu, Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No. 2, Hospital, No. 41, Northwest Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 574 83870920, Email nblbmz@hotmail.com

Objective:  This study aims to compare the recovery profiles of remimazolam combined with flumazenil against those of propofol in patients undergoing painless surgical abortion, focusing on psychomotor function and emergence. Rapid recovery and restoration of psychomotor function are critical for enhancing patient safety and satisfaction in outpatient procedures like surgical abortion.
Methods: A total of 110 patients scheduled for surgical abortion were randomly assigned to either the remimazolam group (Group R) or the propofol group (Group P) in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups received intravenous sufentanil for induction, followed by either remimazolam or propofol. Psychomotor function was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Trieger Dot Test (TDT) at 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-anesthesia. Emergence parameters, including time to first eye opening and first verbal response, were recorded. Adverse events and hemodynamic parameters were also monitored.
Results: The DSST scores at 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-anesthesia were similar between the Remimazolam group and the Propofol group (F=50.61, P> 0.05, η²=0.0051). The TDT results were also comparable between the groups at all time points (F=0.12, 0.11 and 0.30, all P> 0.05, η²=0.0002, 0.0003 and 0.0008). At 30 or 60 minutes post-anesthesia, DSST scores or TDT performance were significantly worse compared to preoperative baseline in both groups, indicating reduced psychomotor function (P< 0.05). The Remimazolam group showed significantly shorter times to first eye opening (54.48± 3.45 s vs 99.22± 11.78 s, P=0.0014, Cohen’s d=5.15) and to obey verbal commands (61.85± 3.78 s vs 131.1± 12.79 s, P< 0.0001, Cohen’s d=7.34) compared to the Propofol group.The incidence of injection pain and respiratory depression was significantly lower in the remimazolam group (P< 0.05), while hiccups were more common. Hemodynamic stability was maintained in both groups, with no significant differences in blood pressure or oxygen saturation (P> 0.05).
Conclusion:  Remimazolam combined with flumazenil provides faster emergence and comparable psychomotor function to propofol in patients undergoing painless surgical abortion. This combination offers a promising anesthetic profile for procedures requiring quick recovery and minimal postoperative complications.
Trial Registration: ChiCTR2300075375, date of registration: 03/09/2023.

Keywords: remimazolam, flumazenil, propofol, psychomotor function, emergence, surgical abortion, anesthesia recovery