Jing Yuan,1 Wenhao Su,1 Jingyang Gao,1 Xiaoqing Ma,1 Ronghuan Yin,1 Tong Jia2 

1Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Ronghuan Yin, Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, People’s Republic of China, Email yrh2018@syau.edu.cn Tong Jia, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 11, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People’s Republic of China, Email jiatong@ise.neu.edu.cn

Purpose: Praziquantel (PZQ) is currently the preferred medication for treating various parasites. However, its use is hindered by several issues, such as poor solubility, first-pass effect, and individual variability. A novel immediate release system was developed by loading PZQ onto Pluronic P123/L64 mixed micelles (PMMs). This approach aims to improve its bioavailability following oral administration.
Methods: PZQ-PMMs were prepared by thin film dispersion method. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, and polydispersity index (PDI) were utilized to identify the optimal formulation. Characterization techniques, including electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction were utilized to get an understanding of the molecular interactions between PZQ and micelles. This system was compared with commercially available preparations both in vitro and in vivo.
Results: The particle size of the prepared PZQ-PMMs (P123:L64 1:1, w/w) was 19.33 ± 0.22 nm, with a PDI value of 0.106 ± 0.044, an EE of 86.88 ± 4.60%, and a drug loading of 4.16 ± 0.21%. Structural characterization results indicated that the spherical micelles were uniformly dispersed, with the drug existing in an amorphous form within PMMs. In vitro, PZQ-PMMs exhibited a faster immediate release in both pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 buffers. In vivo, at the same dosage, the micelles rapidly produced higher blood drug concentrations. The relative bioavailability of PZQ-PMMs was comparable to that of the PZQ 30% ethanol solution and was 1.7 times greater than that of commercially available preparations, with the increase in bioavailability being highly significant (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm that Pluronic P123/L64 PMMs represent a novel and promising approach for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of PZQ, both in vitro and in vivo. The development of immediate release formulations is anticipated to be an effective option for drugs exhibiting a notable first-pass effect.

Keywords: praziquantel, Pluronic mixed micelles, P123, L64, immediate release, pharmacokinetic study