Qing Chen,* Jinyan Zhao,* Xiaoling Wu, Xiuying Xie, Ming Liu

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Xiuying Xie, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China, Email xiexy@xjtu.edu.cn Ming Liu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China, Email gynliu88@163.com

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. This study aims to assess the current burden of PCOS in East and Southeast Asia and analyze its spatiotemporal trends over the past three decades.
Patients and Methods: Data on the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to PCOS from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021. The spatiotemporal trends of PCOS were comprehensively analyzed across multiple levels. Age-Period-Cohort (APC) models were utilized to assess the influence of age, period, and birth cohort on the burden of PCOS, and the future burden of PCOS in the next 10 years was predicted using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.
Results: In 2021, the estimated number of prevalent cases of PCOS was approximately 10,490,358.5 (95% UI: 7,423,407.5– 14,808,757.1) in East Asia and 10,520,027.7 (95% UI: 7,378,813.9– 14,809,823.5) in Southeast Asia. The age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) of PCOS in East and Southeast Asia were 1548.4 per 100,000 women (95% UI: 1085.5– 2170.7) and 2842.7 per 100,000 women (95% UI, 1993.2– 3997.5), respectively. Moreover, the ASPR of PCOS exhibited an upward trend from 1990 to 2021. The burden of PCOS varied substantially between countries and age groups, and was positively correlated with SDI levels. PCOS burden showed an increased trend with age, and the period and cohort risk also showed a significant upward trend when compared to the reference groups. Additionally, the burden of PCOS is expected to continue to increase in East Asia by 2031, while it remains stable in Southeast Asia.
Conclusion: The increasing burden of PCOS has become a public health problem in the East and Southeast Asia region. The development of appropriate health measures and strategies to prevent and manage PCOS has become extremely urgent.

Keywords: PCOS/YLDs/prevalence, incidence, SDI