Jiayi Chen,* Zixiang Pang,* Chengyu Qin, Zuhai Huang, Yuanming Chen

Department of Spinal Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Yuanming Chen, Department of Spinal Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China, Email rkyygk@163.com

Introduction: Talaromycosis is an opportunistic fungal disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM), a significant pathogen predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals, especially those with HIV infection. Although traditionally regarded as an HIV-associated infection, increasing cases have been reported among HIV-negative patients.
Case Presentation: This report details a case of a 36-year-old HIV-negative woman infected with Talaromyces marneffei. The patient presented with bone destruction and was diagnosed through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Despite receiving antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and symptomatic treatment, the infection remained uncontrolled, ultimately progressing to multi-organ failure and resulting in death.
Conclusion: Bone damage due to Talaromyces marneffei infection is very uncommon in HIV-negative patients. Thus, healthcare providers should be alert for possible skeletal lesions linked to this infection. Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment are vital for the patient’s prognosis.

Keywords: Talaromyces marneffei, HIV-negative, bone destruction, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, antifungal treatment