Yang Xu,1 Weisheng Zhan,2 Juhua Zhao1 

1Department of Dermatology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Juhua Zhao, Email zhao08272024@163.com

Background: Pathological scars are the products of abnormal repair during the wound healing process. Previous researches have demonstrated that immune cells and inflammatory cytokines are closely associated with pathological scars. However, the causality between immune cells, inflammatory cytokines and pathological scars remains unclear.
Methods: After obtaining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data on immune cells, cytokines, hypertrophic scars, and keloids, we selected appropriate single - nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analytical method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate reliability of research findings.
Results: Our research results indicated that 10 immunophenotypes can increase risk of hypertrophic scars, 5 immunophenotypes can decrease risk of hypertrophic scars, 3 inflammatory cytokines can increase risk of hypertrophic scars, and 2 inflammatory cytokines can decrease risk of hypertrophic scars. Meanwhile, 5 immunophenotypes can increase risk of keloids, 4 immunophenotypes can decrease risk of keloids, 1 inflammatory cytokine can increase risk of keloids, and 1 inflammatory cytokine can decrease risk of keloids.
Conclusion: This study reveals the roles of immune phenotypes and cytokines in the pathogenesis of pathological scars, and provides valuable references in research areas such as early identification and intervention treatment of pathological scars.

Keywords: Mendelian randomization, pathological scars, immune cells, inflammatory cytokines