Keyan Wang,1,* Jicheng Sun,1,* Haoran Zhao,2,3 Fangruyue Wang,1 Xiaoyu Zhang,1 Xiaoqing Zhao,1 Zongjun Li,1 Ling Zhang,2,3 Hui Ren,1 Baofeng Guo1 

1Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Biomedical Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Baofeng Guo, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86(0431)84995222, Fax +86(0431)84995336, Email gbf@jlu.edu.cn Hui Ren, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86(0431)84995222, Fax +86(0431)84995336, Email hren@jlu.edu.cn

Abstract: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with current treatment options offering only limited improvement in patient survival. Despite the advancement of modalities such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, gene therapy, focused ultrasound, and tumor-treating fields, therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory due to challenges such as the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising platform to enhance the delivery, specificity, and combinatorial potential of these therapies. By enabling precise and multifunctional delivery of therapeutic agents, nanoscale systems hold the potential to overcome critical biological and pharmacological barriers in glioblastoma treatment. This review provides an overview of recent progress in nanomedicine-based strategies for glioblastoma, critically examines the key challenges that limit their clinical translation, and highlights innovative approaches designed to improve therapeutic outcomes. Future perspectives on how nanotechnology may reshape the landscape of brain tumor treatment are also discussed.

Keywords: glioblastoma, nanotechnology, nano-delivery systems