Yeasin Ahamed,1,2 Lichao Wu,1 Shantanu Baral,1 Ashab Uddin Al-Raiyan,1 Weigui Sun1,2 

1Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Weigui Sun, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, People’s Republic of China, Email xiaoyang168936@outlook.com

Objective: To investigate the expression and influencing factors of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with prostate cancer.
Methods: Retrospective methods were used to select 120 patients with prostate cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 as prostate cancer group and 100 patients with benign hyperplasia of prostate as benign hyperplasia group. During the same period, 100 healthy subjects in physical examination center were selected as the healthy control group. Serum PSA, fPSA and CEA levels of the three groups of subjects were detected, and their differences in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze their independent risk factors.
Results: The serum levels of PSA, fPSA and CEA in prostate cancer group were significantly higher than those in benign hyperplasia group, and the levels of PSA, fPSA and CEA in benign hyperplasia group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Serum PSA, fPSA and CEA levels were significantly higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years old, Gleason score ≥ 7, TNM stage III+IV, high differentiated, with lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis than in patients aged < 60 years old, Gleason score < 7, TNM stage I+II, low differentiated, without lymph node metastasis or bone metastasis, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). PSA≥ 10.05 μg/mL, fPSA≥ 1.50 μg/mL, CEA≥ 20 ng/mL were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of prostate cancer (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Serum PSA, fPSA and CEA are significantly elevated in patients with prostate cancer, which are independent risk factors for poor prognosis and can be used as important indicators for clinicopathological evaluation and prognosis prediction.

Keywords: prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, pathological features