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已发表论文
基于水凝胶的疫苗：癌症免疫治疗的有前景的方法
Authors Zhang W, Zhang Q, Cai J, He J, Xu Z , Chen X, Chen G
Received 29 March 2025
Accepted for publication 30 August 2025
Published 18 September 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 11389—11415
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S526305
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. Dongwoo Khang
Wenqin Zhang,1,* Qingfu Zhang,2,* Jiaodi Cai,1 Jin He,3 Zhijie Xu,4 Xiang Chen,5 Guoqun Chen1
1Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha (The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Equipment, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, 415000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pathology, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410023, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Guoqun Chen, Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha (The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410006, People’s Republic of China, Email chenguoqun52@163.com Xiang Chen, Department of Pathology, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410023, People’s Republic of China, Email cx756172091@163.com
Abstract: Cancer vaccines, as a cornerstone of personalized immunotherapy, inhibit malignant growth through activation of a comprehensive immune defense mechanism across the organism. However, the immunosuppressive tumor environment (TME) and evasion mechanisms produced by tumors, coupled with the suboptimal immunogenic activation from vaccine-based approaches, collectively constrain therapeutic outcomes in precision immuno-oncology. Consequently, cancer vaccines have yet to realize their broad clinical translation into routine patients. Achieving controlled biodistribution and optimized pharmacokinetics of therapeutic immunization platforms within biological systems, thereby instigating durable and vigorous antitumor immunity, remains a significant challenge. To overcome these limitations, innovative administration platforms are under investigation, with hydrogel-based matrices gaining traction as effective vehicles owing to their inherent physicochemical advantages. Furthermore, recent years have witnessed accelerated advancements in hydrogel-based systems for anticancer immunization. This analysis systematically outlines the therapeutic implementations and functional mechanisms of cancer vaccines, followed by an analysis of the structural and functional properties of hydrogel-based delivery carrier. We then categorize hydrogel-based cancer vaccines and summarize their current application situation. Subsequently, a detailed overview of antitumor immune cascades orchestrated by hydrogel-integrated immunization platforms is methodically presented. Finally, we conclude with forward-looking perspectives on hydrogel-mediated therapeutic vectors.
Keywords: cancer immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, hydrogel, tumor immunity
1Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha (The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Equipment, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, 415000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pathology, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410023, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Guoqun Chen, Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha (The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410006, People’s Republic of China, Email chenguoqun52@163.com Xiang Chen, Department of Pathology, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410023, People’s Republic of China, Email cx756172091@163.com
Abstract: Cancer vaccines, as a cornerstone of personalized immunotherapy, inhibit malignant growth through activation of a comprehensive immune defense mechanism across the organism. However, the immunosuppressive tumor environment (TME) and evasion mechanisms produced by tumors, coupled with the suboptimal immunogenic activation from vaccine-based approaches, collectively constrain therapeutic outcomes in precision immuno-oncology. Consequently, cancer vaccines have yet to realize their broad clinical translation into routine patients. Achieving controlled biodistribution and optimized pharmacokinetics of therapeutic immunization platforms within biological systems, thereby instigating durable and vigorous antitumor immunity, remains a significant challenge. To overcome these limitations, innovative administration platforms are under investigation, with hydrogel-based matrices gaining traction as effective vehicles owing to their inherent physicochemical advantages. Furthermore, recent years have witnessed accelerated advancements in hydrogel-based systems for anticancer immunization. This analysis systematically outlines the therapeutic implementations and functional mechanisms of cancer vaccines, followed by an analysis of the structural and functional properties of hydrogel-based delivery carrier. We then categorize hydrogel-based cancer vaccines and summarize their current application situation. Subsequently, a detailed overview of antitumor immune cascades orchestrated by hydrogel-integrated immunization platforms is methodically presented. Finally, we conclude with forward-looking perspectives on hydrogel-mediated therapeutic vectors.
Keywords: cancer immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, hydrogel, tumor immunity