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已发表论文
老年盆腔器官脱垂患者行阴道闭合术后深静脉血栓形成的预测模型的开发及内部验证
Authors Wang Q , Manodoro S, Jiang X, Lin C
Received 22 April 2025
Accepted for publication 8 September 2025
Published 15 September 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 3041—3050
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S535933
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Steven McPhail
Qi Wang,1,2 Stefano Manodoro,3 Xiaoxiang Jiang,1,2 Chaoqin Lin1,2
1Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
Correspondence: Chaoqin Lin, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Dao-Shan Street, Gu-Lou District, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Email lcqfjsfy@126.com Xiaoxiang Jiang, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Dao-Shan Street, Gu-Lou District, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Email 19959179535@126.com
Purpose: Colpocleisis is a surgical option for elderly women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP), often complicated by comorbidities that heighten postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) risk. Effective tools for predicting postoperative DVT in these patients are lacking. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the risk of DVT following colpocleisis and to validate its performance.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included elderly patients who underwent colpocleisis for advanced POP between August 2019 and December 2024. Demographics, obstetric history, comorbidities, preoperative tests, and surgical details were analyzed. The primary endpoint was postoperative DVT, confirmed by ultrasound examination. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified risk factors, which informed the development of a predictive nomogram-a graphical tool that translates statistical risk into a user-friendly format for individual prediction. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), which evaluates the net clinical benefit across threshold probabilities.
Results: Of 307 patients, 8.8% (27/307) developed postoperative DVT. Multivariable analysis identified insulin-dependent diabetes, elevated preoperative cholesterol, and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors. The nomogram demonstrated strong discriminatory ability, with AUCs of 0.809 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.760– 0.857) in the training set and 0.802 (95% CI: 0.752– 0.852) in the validation set. At the optimal threshold (0.494), sensitivity was 0.725, specificity 0.848, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.805, and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.728. Calibration curves showed alignment between predicted and observed outcomes, while DCA demonstrated significant net benefit.
Conclusion: This nomogram is a valuable tool for early DVT risk stratification in elderly colpocleisis patients. External validation in prospective multicenter studies is warranted.
Keywords: colpocleisis, lower extremity venous thrombosis, prolapse, prediction model, risk factors, nomogram
1Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
Correspondence: Chaoqin Lin, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Dao-Shan Street, Gu-Lou District, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Email lcqfjsfy@126.com Xiaoxiang Jiang, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Dao-Shan Street, Gu-Lou District, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Email 19959179535@126.com
Purpose: Colpocleisis is a surgical option for elderly women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP), often complicated by comorbidities that heighten postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) risk. Effective tools for predicting postoperative DVT in these patients are lacking. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the risk of DVT following colpocleisis and to validate its performance.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included elderly patients who underwent colpocleisis for advanced POP between August 2019 and December 2024. Demographics, obstetric history, comorbidities, preoperative tests, and surgical details were analyzed. The primary endpoint was postoperative DVT, confirmed by ultrasound examination. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified risk factors, which informed the development of a predictive nomogram-a graphical tool that translates statistical risk into a user-friendly format for individual prediction. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), which evaluates the net clinical benefit across threshold probabilities.
Results: Of 307 patients, 8.8% (27/307) developed postoperative DVT. Multivariable analysis identified insulin-dependent diabetes, elevated preoperative cholesterol, and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors. The nomogram demonstrated strong discriminatory ability, with AUCs of 0.809 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.760– 0.857) in the training set and 0.802 (95% CI: 0.752– 0.852) in the validation set. At the optimal threshold (0.494), sensitivity was 0.725, specificity 0.848, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.805, and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.728. Calibration curves showed alignment between predicted and observed outcomes, while DCA demonstrated significant net benefit.
Conclusion: This nomogram is a valuable tool for early DVT risk stratification in elderly colpocleisis patients. External validation in prospective multicenter studies is warranted.
Keywords: colpocleisis, lower extremity venous thrombosis, prolapse, prediction model, risk factors, nomogram