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已发表论文
大学一年级学生非恢复性睡眠的轨迹：童年情感虐待和心理韧性所起的作用
Authors Liao W , Luo X, Sun Y, Kong F, Ye Z
Received 7 July 2025
Accepted for publication 26 August 2025
Published 13 September 2025 Volume 2025:17 Pages 2223—2235
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S552062
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Sarah L Appleton
Wenna Liao,1,* Xianghan Luo,2,* Yongpeng Sun,1 Fanxu Kong,1 Zengjie Ye3
1Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510091, People’s Republic of China; 2The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510378, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 511436, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Zengjie Ye, School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 511436, People’s Republic of China, Email zengjieye@qq.com
Objective: Nonrestorative sleep (NRS) is common among college students; however, its temporal changes and predictors are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify NRS trajectories among first-year Chinese college students and to examine how childhood emotional abuse (EA) and resilience predict these trajectories.
Methods: Six hundred and fourteen first-year Chinese college students were enrolled in a 12-month longitudinal tracking study, assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5, and NRS Scale (NRSS). Data were analyzed employing latent growth curve modeling, latent class growth modeling, and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The global score of NRSS (higher scores indicate fewer symptoms of NRS) showed a linear increase overall. EA predicted poorer restorative sleep at baseline (β = − 0.255, p < 0.001). Resilience predicted better restorative sleep over time (βT0 = 0.271, βT1 = 0.327, βT2 = 0.292, all p < 0.001). Latent class analysis identified two NRSS trajectories: (a) high–increasing class (41.5% of the sample; declining NRS) and (b) low–stable class (58.5%; persistent high NRS). Higher levels of EA corresponded to greater likelihood of belonging to the low–stable class relative to the high–increasing class (OR=1.177, 95% CI [1.106, 1.252]). In contrast, higher resilience corresponded to lower likelihood of being in the low–stable class (OR=0.915, 95% CI [0.890, 0.941]).
Conclusion: EA is a predisposing factor for NRS among college students, while resilience is a protective factor for restorative sleep. It is essential to consider EA and resilience in any intervention efforts to reduce NRS.
Keywords: childhood emotional abuse, resilience, nonrestorative sleep, trajectories
1Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510091, People’s Republic of China; 2The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510378, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 511436, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Zengjie Ye, School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 511436, People’s Republic of China, Email zengjieye@qq.com
Objective: Nonrestorative sleep (NRS) is common among college students; however, its temporal changes and predictors are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify NRS trajectories among first-year Chinese college students and to examine how childhood emotional abuse (EA) and resilience predict these trajectories.
Methods: Six hundred and fourteen first-year Chinese college students were enrolled in a 12-month longitudinal tracking study, assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5, and NRS Scale (NRSS). Data were analyzed employing latent growth curve modeling, latent class growth modeling, and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The global score of NRSS (higher scores indicate fewer symptoms of NRS) showed a linear increase overall. EA predicted poorer restorative sleep at baseline (β = − 0.255, p < 0.001). Resilience predicted better restorative sleep over time (βT0 = 0.271, βT1 = 0.327, βT2 = 0.292, all p < 0.001). Latent class analysis identified two NRSS trajectories: (a) high–increasing class (41.5% of the sample; declining NRS) and (b) low–stable class (58.5%; persistent high NRS). Higher levels of EA corresponded to greater likelihood of belonging to the low–stable class relative to the high–increasing class (OR=1.177, 95% CI [1.106, 1.252]). In contrast, higher resilience corresponded to lower likelihood of being in the low–stable class (OR=0.915, 95% CI [0.890, 0.941]).
Conclusion: EA is a predisposing factor for NRS among college students, while resilience is a protective factor for restorative sleep. It is essential to consider EA and resilience in any intervention efforts to reduce NRS.
Keywords: childhood emotional abuse, resilience, nonrestorative sleep, trajectories