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已发表论文
中国内蒙古包头市金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性监测及分子流行病学研究
Authors Zhang W, Liu F, Li J, Zhang L, Hu T
Received 6 June 2025
Accepted for publication 7 September 2025
Published 13 September 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 4887—4900
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S540702
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Hemant Joshi
Wenlan Zhang,1,* Fangxin Liu,2,* Jing Li,3,* Lixia Zhang,2 Tongping Hu4
1Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Medical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Medical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of YuBei District Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Tongping Hu, Clinical Medical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of YuBei District Chongqing, 1 Wuling Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13296922365, Fax +86-23-67081039, Email hutongpin1976@126.com
Objective: To investigate the distribution, drug resistance patterns, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and virulence gene carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in the Baotou region of Inner Mongolia, China.
Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from 11 hospitals in Baotou participating in the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS). Data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 26.0. Ninety methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains from 2020 were typed by MLST, with results analyzed via the eBURST program. Ninety randomly selected methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains from 2020, along with the 90 MRSA strains, underwent polymerase chain reaction to detect 20 virulence genes, including clfa, clfb, fnbB, scn, chp, sak, coa, nuc, ebps, eno, cna, and bbp.
Results: A total of 2453 S. aureus strains, including 309 MRSA, were isolated. Secretions were the main source for S. aureus (38.0%), and sputum for MRSA (16.7%). MRSA showed higher resistance to most antimicrobials than MSSA. Among eight identified sequence types, ST59 dominated (60%), mainly linked to hospital-acquired surgical infections (66.7%, 36/54). All strains carried hla, hld, nuc, clfa, and clfb genes, and over 90% carried sak, scn, and coa genes. The fnbB gene detection rate was significantly higher in MSSA (83%) than in MRSA (15%). Detection rates of chp, pvl, and LukED genes varied significantly among sequence types. The detection rate of the pvl gene was 67% in ST22 strains, which was higher than that observed in the ST59, ST398, and ST25 strains.
Conclusion: The isolation rates of S. aureus and MRSA in Baotou are lower than the national averages, with no strains resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or teicoplanin. The predominant MRSA strain in this region is ST59. The S. aureus strains in this region carry a large number of virulence genes, indicating high virulence.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multilocus sequence typing, virulence gene
1Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Medical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Medical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of YuBei District Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Tongping Hu, Clinical Medical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of YuBei District Chongqing, 1 Wuling Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13296922365, Fax +86-23-67081039, Email hutongpin1976@126.com
Objective: To investigate the distribution, drug resistance patterns, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and virulence gene carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in the Baotou region of Inner Mongolia, China.
Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from 11 hospitals in Baotou participating in the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS). Data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 26.0. Ninety methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains from 2020 were typed by MLST, with results analyzed via the eBURST program. Ninety randomly selected methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains from 2020, along with the 90 MRSA strains, underwent polymerase chain reaction to detect 20 virulence genes, including clfa, clfb, fnbB, scn, chp, sak, coa, nuc, ebps, eno, cna, and bbp.
Results: A total of 2453 S. aureus strains, including 309 MRSA, were isolated. Secretions were the main source for S. aureus (38.0%), and sputum for MRSA (16.7%). MRSA showed higher resistance to most antimicrobials than MSSA. Among eight identified sequence types, ST59 dominated (60%), mainly linked to hospital-acquired surgical infections (66.7%, 36/54). All strains carried hla, hld, nuc, clfa, and clfb genes, and over 90% carried sak, scn, and coa genes. The fnbB gene detection rate was significantly higher in MSSA (83%) than in MRSA (15%). Detection rates of chp, pvl, and LukED genes varied significantly among sequence types. The detection rate of the pvl gene was 67% in ST22 strains, which was higher than that observed in the ST59, ST398, and ST25 strains.
Conclusion: The isolation rates of S. aureus and MRSA in Baotou are lower than the national averages, with no strains resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or teicoplanin. The predominant MRSA strain in this region is ST59. The S. aureus strains in this region carry a large number of virulence genes, indicating high virulence.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multilocus sequence typing, virulence gene