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已发表论文
MXene 介导的纳米载体递送增强槲皮素在实验性骨关节炎中的软骨保护作用
Authors Gan K , Li J, Zhang X, Feng Z, Liu J, Zhao F
Received 13 May 2025
Accepted for publication 28 August 2025
Published 20 September 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 11553—11567
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S540035
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 5
Editor who approved publication: Dr Kamakhya Misra
Kaifeng Gan,1– 3,* Jie Li,1– 3,* Xuyang Zhang,2,3 Zhenhua Feng,2,3 Junhui Liu,2,3 Fengdong Zhao2,3
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China; 3Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Fengdong Zhao, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China, Email zhaofengdong@zju.edu.cn
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease that severely affects patients’ quality of life. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits chondroprotective effects, though its bioavailability through regular oral consumption is limited. In this study, we employed two-dimensional MXene nanosheets as a nanocarrier to facilitate targeted intracellular delivery of quercetin, aiming to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against OA.
Methods: Methods: Porous Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanosheets were synthesized via selective etching and then loaded with quercetin through physical adsorption. Material characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and in vitro release assays. For in vitro evaluation, IL-1β-stimulated primary mouse articular chondrocytes (ACs) were treated with free quercetin or MXene-loaded quercetin, followed by assessments of cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration, oxidative stress markers, and ferroptosis-related protein expression. For in vivo validation, a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of OA was established to assess cartilage morphology, ferroptosis markers, and histological changes after intra-articular injection of treatments.
Results: MXene-loading significantly enhanced quercetin’s protective effects in IL-1β-induced primary mouse ACs, including improved cell viability and proliferation, reduced apoptosis, alleviated oxidative stress, and suppression of ferroptosis. In OA mice, MXene–quercetin treatment more effectively preserved cartilage integrity and inhibited ferroptosis compared with free quercetin.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that MXene can serve as a biocompatible carrier to improve quercetin delivery in osteoarthritis models, supporting its potential for further preclinical evaluation.
Keywords: osteoarthritis, quercetin, MXene, chondroprotective, ferroptosis
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China; 3Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Fengdong Zhao, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China, Email zhaofengdong@zju.edu.cn
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease that severely affects patients’ quality of life. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits chondroprotective effects, though its bioavailability through regular oral consumption is limited. In this study, we employed two-dimensional MXene nanosheets as a nanocarrier to facilitate targeted intracellular delivery of quercetin, aiming to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against OA.
Methods: Methods: Porous Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanosheets were synthesized via selective etching and then loaded with quercetin through physical adsorption. Material characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and in vitro release assays. For in vitro evaluation, IL-1β-stimulated primary mouse articular chondrocytes (ACs) were treated with free quercetin or MXene-loaded quercetin, followed by assessments of cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration, oxidative stress markers, and ferroptosis-related protein expression. For in vivo validation, a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of OA was established to assess cartilage morphology, ferroptosis markers, and histological changes after intra-articular injection of treatments.
Results: MXene-loading significantly enhanced quercetin’s protective effects in IL-1β-induced primary mouse ACs, including improved cell viability and proliferation, reduced apoptosis, alleviated oxidative stress, and suppression of ferroptosis. In OA mice, MXene–quercetin treatment more effectively preserved cartilage integrity and inhibited ferroptosis compared with free quercetin.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that MXene can serve as a biocompatible carrier to improve quercetin delivery in osteoarthritis models, supporting its potential for further preclinical evaluation.
Keywords: osteoarthritis, quercetin, MXene, chondroprotective, ferroptosis