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已发表论文
外周神经再生中的细胞外囊泡：从生物学基础到治疗工程
Authors Shi S , Yu X, Ou X, Zheng C, Xie F, Huang Y
Received 19 June 2025
Accepted for publication 19 September 2025
Published 26 September 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 11941—11957
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S548357
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. RDK Misra
Shaoyan Shi,1 Xingxing Yu,2 Xuehai Ou,1 Changming Zheng,1 Fei Xie,1 Yansheng Huang3
1Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Yansheng Huang, Email yshg1991@163.com
Abstract: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) pose a significant clinical challenge, often resulting in irreversible functional deficits due to limited spontaneous regeneration. While current therapeutic approaches offer partial solutions, their efficacy remains suboptimal. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as bioactive carriers capable of orchestrating complex regenerative processes without the risks associated with live-cell transplantation. Derived from sources, EVs deliver a repertoire of functional cargos that modulate immune responses, promote axonal regrowth, enhance remyelination, and stimulate angiogenesis. Furthermore, bioengineering strategies enable EVs to be loaded with therapeutic molecules, surface-modified for targeted delivery, and incorporated into stimuli-responsive scaffolds for controlled release. When integrated with biomaterials, EVs demonstrate synergistic effects that enhance spatial guidance, immune modulation, and neurovascular remodeling in preclinical models. However, significant challenges remain, including large-scale EV production, standardization of isolation methods, and meeting regulatory requirements for clinical translation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological roles of native and engineered EVs in peripheral nerve regeneration, highlights advances in EV-functionalized scaffolds, and discusses translational challenges and future directions for clinical implementation.
Keywords: extracellular vesicles, nerve injuries, regeneration, nanomedicine, biomaterials
1Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Yansheng Huang, Email yshg1991@163.com
Abstract: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) pose a significant clinical challenge, often resulting in irreversible functional deficits due to limited spontaneous regeneration. While current therapeutic approaches offer partial solutions, their efficacy remains suboptimal. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as bioactive carriers capable of orchestrating complex regenerative processes without the risks associated with live-cell transplantation. Derived from sources, EVs deliver a repertoire of functional cargos that modulate immune responses, promote axonal regrowth, enhance remyelination, and stimulate angiogenesis. Furthermore, bioengineering strategies enable EVs to be loaded with therapeutic molecules, surface-modified for targeted delivery, and incorporated into stimuli-responsive scaffolds for controlled release. When integrated with biomaterials, EVs demonstrate synergistic effects that enhance spatial guidance, immune modulation, and neurovascular remodeling in preclinical models. However, significant challenges remain, including large-scale EV production, standardization of isolation methods, and meeting regulatory requirements for clinical translation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological roles of native and engineered EVs in peripheral nerve regeneration, highlights advances in EV-functionalized scaffolds, and discusses translational challenges and future directions for clinical implementation.
Keywords: extracellular vesicles, nerve injuries, regeneration, nanomedicine, biomaterials