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已发表论文
特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎：一种难治性良性炎症疾病的免疫 - 病原体失衡
Authors Wang S, Liu R, Yan S, Zhao P
Received 26 April 2025
Accepted for publication 2 September 2025
Published 9 October 2025 Volume 2025:17 Pages 3607—3631
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S536970
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Vinay Kumar
Siyi Wang,1,* Rui Liu,1,* Shan Yan,2 Ping Zhao1
1The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Ping Zhao, Email doctorzp0427@sohu.com Shan Yan, Email yanshan@kmmu.edu.cn
Abstract: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign non-specific inflammatory disease that occurs in women during non-lactation. Main symptoms in the early stages of disease include red breast lumps, swelling, heat and pain, whereas in the later stages, breast abscesses, sinus tracts, and even ulcers may develop. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of IGM remains unclear, and there are no standardized guidelines for IGM treatment, which leads to treatment resistance and frequent recurrence, causing serious distress to women’s physical and mental health. Based on the existing literature evidence, this paper proposes the “immunity-pathogen imbalance pathogenesis” model, the disease is caused by the imbalance between pathogens and immune system in the breast, resulting in granuloma as the characteristic immune damage response, and Corynebacterium may be the driving factor of the cascade reaction. This article summarizes etiology, diagnostic methods, treatment plans, and recurrence factors, and aims to translate existing mechanisms into a practical clinical framework.
Keywords: idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, etiology, pathogenic bacteria, therapy, antibiotics, methylprednisolone
1The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Ping Zhao, Email doctorzp0427@sohu.com Shan Yan, Email yanshan@kmmu.edu.cn
Abstract: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign non-specific inflammatory disease that occurs in women during non-lactation. Main symptoms in the early stages of disease include red breast lumps, swelling, heat and pain, whereas in the later stages, breast abscesses, sinus tracts, and even ulcers may develop. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of IGM remains unclear, and there are no standardized guidelines for IGM treatment, which leads to treatment resistance and frequent recurrence, causing serious distress to women’s physical and mental health. Based on the existing literature evidence, this paper proposes the “immunity-pathogen imbalance pathogenesis” model, the disease is caused by the imbalance between pathogens and immune system in the breast, resulting in granuloma as the characteristic immune damage response, and Corynebacterium may be the driving factor of the cascade reaction. This article summarizes etiology, diagnostic methods, treatment plans, and recurrence factors, and aims to translate existing mechanisms into a practical clinical framework.
Keywords: idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, etiology, pathogenic bacteria, therapy, antibiotics, methylprednisolone