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已发表论文
糖尿病患者预防胰岛素注射相关脂肪增生障碍
Authors Gao S , Su P, Zhuo H, Hu L, Peng Y, Wu L
Received 10 June 2025
Accepted for publication 23 October 2025
Published 11 November 2025 Volume 2025:19 Pages 3549—3557
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S541975
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Professor Qizhi (Cathy) Yao
Saiyu Gao,1– 3 Pan Su,3,4 Hongxia Zhuo,5 Lan Hu,1– 3 Yun Peng,1– 3,* Liaofang Wu3,6,*
1Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 2National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 3Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 4Emergency Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 5Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 6Endocrinology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yun Peng, Email 407230@csu.edu.cn Liaofang Wu, Email 931720116@qq.com
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to explore barriers to preventing lipohypertrophy for individuals with diabetes.
Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used.
Methods: 17 individuals with diabetes with LH were interviewed face-to-face in individual semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used, and data saturation was achieved.
Results: The analysis yielded three primary themes with eight subthemes: lack of knowledge (insufficient health education, forgetfulness, and misconceptions), limited feasibility (several limitations in site rotation, financial pressures in needle replacement, and failure to self-monitor flat LH), and low motivation (low perceived severity and low perceived susceptibility).
Conclusion: Identifying these barriers provides patients with targeted recommendations or measures to improve LH prevention, further improving self-management at home and diabetes outcomes.
Relevance for Clinical Practice: LH is a common insulin therapy complication that affects insulin absorption and glycemic control. The correct injection technique for preventing LH depends on the effectiveness of insulin therapy in individuals with diabetes.
Patient or Public Contribution: 17 individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in the interviews contributed to this study.
Keywords: insulin injection-associated lipohypertrophy, barriers, diabetes, qualitative study
1Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 2National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 3Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 4Emergency Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 5Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 6Endocrinology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yun Peng, Email 407230@csu.edu.cn Liaofang Wu, Email 931720116@qq.com
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to explore barriers to preventing lipohypertrophy for individuals with diabetes.
Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used.
Methods: 17 individuals with diabetes with LH were interviewed face-to-face in individual semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used, and data saturation was achieved.
Results: The analysis yielded three primary themes with eight subthemes: lack of knowledge (insufficient health education, forgetfulness, and misconceptions), limited feasibility (several limitations in site rotation, financial pressures in needle replacement, and failure to self-monitor flat LH), and low motivation (low perceived severity and low perceived susceptibility).
Conclusion: Identifying these barriers provides patients with targeted recommendations or measures to improve LH prevention, further improving self-management at home and diabetes outcomes.
Relevance for Clinical Practice: LH is a common insulin therapy complication that affects insulin absorption and glycemic control. The correct injection technique for preventing LH depends on the effectiveness of insulin therapy in individuals with diabetes.
Patient or Public Contribution: 17 individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in the interviews contributed to this study.
Keywords: insulin injection-associated lipohypertrophy, barriers, diabetes, qualitative study