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已发表论文
一项关于欧洲人群中频繁暴露于高音量音乐与焦虑症关联的孟德尔随机化研究
Received 13 August 2025
Accepted for publication 14 November 2025
Published 20 November 2025 Volume 2025:21 Pages 2545—2557
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S555450
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 4
Editor who approved publication: Professor Taro Kishi
Fanjuan Meng,1 Jingheng Geng,1 Hang Wu2
1School of Music and Dance, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province, 274000, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province, 274000, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Hang Wu, Email wuhang19870505@163.com
Objective: This study aimed to examine whether loud music is causally associated with anxiety disorder.
Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-EGGER regression methods, simple mood and weighted mood. This study utilized publicly available pooled statistical datasets from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of loud music exposure in European populations as the exposure factor. Various subtypes of anxiety disorders were used as outcomes, with GWAS data for generalized anxiety disorder being sourced from the IEU Open and GWAS data for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and social phobia being sourced from the Finnish database.
Results: The IVW method demonstrated evidence supporting a causal relationship between loud music and generalized anxiety (OR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.015– 1.086, P = 0.004). The weighted median method revealed evidence of a causal relationship between loud music and agoraphobia (OR = 0.263, 95% CI: 0.070– 0.985, P = 0.047). None of the methods revealed evidence of a causal relationship between loud music and panic disorder or social anxiety disorder. Cochran’s Q test and funnel plot did not reveal evidence of heterogeneity or asymmetry, thus suggesting that there were no directional multi-effects.
Conclusion: The results suggest that loud music may be a risk factor for generalized anxiety. While the IVW method did not show a significant causal relationship between loud music exposure and agoraphobia, the WM method indicated an inverse association. Therefore, a potential causal relationship between loud music exposure and agoraphobia cannot be readily dismissed. Whether loud music serves as a protective factor for agoraphobia requires further clarification through clinical and epidemiological investigations.
Keywords: music, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety, agoraphobia, panic disorder, social phobias, Mendelian randomisation
1School of Music and Dance, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province, 274000, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province, 274000, People’s Republic of China
Correspondence: Hang Wu, Email wuhang19870505@163.com
Objective: This study aimed to examine whether loud music is causally associated with anxiety disorder.
Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-EGGER regression methods, simple mood and weighted mood. This study utilized publicly available pooled statistical datasets from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of loud music exposure in European populations as the exposure factor. Various subtypes of anxiety disorders were used as outcomes, with GWAS data for generalized anxiety disorder being sourced from the IEU Open and GWAS data for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and social phobia being sourced from the Finnish database.
Results: The IVW method demonstrated evidence supporting a causal relationship between loud music and generalized anxiety (OR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.015– 1.086, P = 0.004). The weighted median method revealed evidence of a causal relationship between loud music and agoraphobia (OR = 0.263, 95% CI: 0.070– 0.985, P = 0.047). None of the methods revealed evidence of a causal relationship between loud music and panic disorder or social anxiety disorder. Cochran’s Q test and funnel plot did not reveal evidence of heterogeneity or asymmetry, thus suggesting that there were no directional multi-effects.
Conclusion: The results suggest that loud music may be a risk factor for generalized anxiety. While the IVW method did not show a significant causal relationship between loud music exposure and agoraphobia, the WM method indicated an inverse association. Therefore, a potential causal relationship between loud music exposure and agoraphobia cannot be readily dismissed. Whether loud music serves as a protective factor for agoraphobia requires further clarification through clinical and epidemiological investigations.
Keywords: music, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety, agoraphobia, panic disorder, social phobias, Mendelian randomisation