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已发表论文
纳米医学在急性肾损伤中的应用：精准递送策略、治疗突破、挑战及未来展望
Authors Wang Y , Wang N, Qu L, Jiao Y, Xiao Z
Received 27 June 2025
Accepted for publication 23 October 2025
Published 22 November 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 14015—14031
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S550080
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Yan Shen
Yufei Wang,1,* Ni Wang,1,* Lin Qu,2,* Yuxia Jiao,1 Zhaoyang Xiao1
1Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yuxia Jiao, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, People’s Republic of China, Email jiao_510@163.com Zhaoyang Xiao, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, People’s Republic of China, Email xiaozhaoy2012@163.com
Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, currently lacking effective early diagnostic methods and targeted therapeutics. Nanomaterials, due to their unique size effects and modifiability, offer breakthrough strategies for AKI management. This review systematically explores the advancements in the use of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of AKI: in the diagnostic realm, quantum dot biosensors and ultrasmall contrast agents significantly enhance the sensitivity of early biomarker detection (eg, KIM-1/NGAL); in the therapeutic domain, cerium oxide nanocatalysts (antioxidant), targeted liposomes (anti-inflammatory), and exosome-delivered miRNA (regenerative repair) demonstrate superior renal protection compared to traditional drugs by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways in animal models. The article emphasizes the design principles of nanomaterials (size < 10 nm for renal clearance, cationic surfaces to enhance tubular uptake) and targeting mechanisms. Despite the promising outlook, the clinical translation of nanomaterials faces challenges related to biosafety (long-term retention toxicity) and large-scale production. This review critically evaluates key studies from recent years, providing a theoretical basis and technical roadmap for the development of next-generation nanomedicine platforms for AKI.
Keywords: acute kidney injury, oxidative stress, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, targeted therapy
1Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yuxia Jiao, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, People’s Republic of China, Email jiao_510@163.com Zhaoyang Xiao, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, People’s Republic of China, Email xiaozhaoy2012@163.com
Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, currently lacking effective early diagnostic methods and targeted therapeutics. Nanomaterials, due to their unique size effects and modifiability, offer breakthrough strategies for AKI management. This review systematically explores the advancements in the use of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of AKI: in the diagnostic realm, quantum dot biosensors and ultrasmall contrast agents significantly enhance the sensitivity of early biomarker detection (eg, KIM-1/NGAL); in the therapeutic domain, cerium oxide nanocatalysts (antioxidant), targeted liposomes (anti-inflammatory), and exosome-delivered miRNA (regenerative repair) demonstrate superior renal protection compared to traditional drugs by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways in animal models. The article emphasizes the design principles of nanomaterials (size < 10 nm for renal clearance, cationic surfaces to enhance tubular uptake) and targeting mechanisms. Despite the promising outlook, the clinical translation of nanomaterials faces challenges related to biosafety (long-term retention toxicity) and large-scale production. This review critically evaluates key studies from recent years, providing a theoretical basis and technical roadmap for the development of next-generation nanomedicine platforms for AKI.
Keywords: acute kidney injury, oxidative stress, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, targeted therapy