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已发表论文
酶固定化纳米载体在骨质疏松症中的新兴作用：进展与挑战
Authors Tang N, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Zhou H
Received 31 July 2025
Accepted for publication 19 November 2025
Published 3 December 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 14457—14479
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S557453
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Professor Eng San Thian
Nie Tang,1,* Yubing Huang,2,* Ying Zhu,1 Hui Zhou1
1Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570100, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Ying Zhu, Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email yingzhu_2088@163.com Hui Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email zhouhui19805211@163.com
Abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) is a common bone disease that involves low bone mass and high risk of fracture mainly in older men and women and perimenopausal years. Although conventional therapies provide good therapeutic effects, they have numerous limitations, including poorly targeted and systemic administration and severe side effects. Recent developments in nanotechnology enabled design of enzyme-immobilized nanocarriers as experimental platforms to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents to bone tissue. This review pays special attention to the development of these multifunctional systems that can transport anti-osteoporotic agents and carry enzymes to stimulate bone formation. Enzymes like alkaline phosphatase for mineralization, superoxide dismutase for reactive oxygen species reduction, and cathepsin K inhibitors for osteoclast regulation are highlighted to demonstrate rationale behind enzyme immobilization. Enzyme immobilization promotes local bone regeneration by increasing enzyme stability and activity at target site offering more sustained therapeutic effect in OP therapy. Polymeric NP and liposomes like nanocarriers are well explained along with their various mechanisms such as stability, bioavailability controlling and release kinetics. Further, we review the current literature for the recent in vivo and in vitro studies highlighting the potential of these systems in stimulating osteoblast function and suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Areas for future research include improving carrier design for increased targetability and exploring the clinical translation of these nanocarrier systems for OP management.
Keywords: osteoporosis, nanotechnology, treatment, nanocarriers, enzyme immobilization
1Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570100, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Ying Zhu, Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email yingzhu_2088@163.com Hui Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email zhouhui19805211@163.com
Abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) is a common bone disease that involves low bone mass and high risk of fracture mainly in older men and women and perimenopausal years. Although conventional therapies provide good therapeutic effects, they have numerous limitations, including poorly targeted and systemic administration and severe side effects. Recent developments in nanotechnology enabled design of enzyme-immobilized nanocarriers as experimental platforms to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents to bone tissue. This review pays special attention to the development of these multifunctional systems that can transport anti-osteoporotic agents and carry enzymes to stimulate bone formation. Enzymes like alkaline phosphatase for mineralization, superoxide dismutase for reactive oxygen species reduction, and cathepsin K inhibitors for osteoclast regulation are highlighted to demonstrate rationale behind enzyme immobilization. Enzyme immobilization promotes local bone regeneration by increasing enzyme stability and activity at target site offering more sustained therapeutic effect in OP therapy. Polymeric NP and liposomes like nanocarriers are well explained along with their various mechanisms such as stability, bioavailability controlling and release kinetics. Further, we review the current literature for the recent in vivo and in vitro studies highlighting the potential of these systems in stimulating osteoblast function and suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Areas for future research include improving carrier design for increased targetability and exploring the clinical translation of these nanocarrier systems for OP management.
Keywords: osteoporosis, nanotechnology, treatment, nanocarriers, enzyme immobilization