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已发表论文
具有变革潜力的可吸入外泌体在呼吸系统疗法中的应用
Authors Gou J, Zhang L , Wang G, Li Z, Yin Q, Pan Y
Received 11 June 2025
Accepted for publication 8 September 2025
Published 28 November 2025 Volume 2025:20 Pages 14219—14252
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S545306
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Yan Shen
Jinming Gou,1,* Lina Zhang,2,* Guowei Wang,3 Zhiqi Li,2 Qimin Yin,4 Yuanming Pan2
1Department of General Practice, Troops of the People’s Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830009, People’s Republic of China; 2Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yuanming Pan, Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 10 89509372, Email peterfpan2020@mail.ccmu.edu.cn Qimin Yin, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 10 89509000, Email yinqimin1@163.com
Abstract: Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types and have become key mediators of intercellular communication, immune regulation, and tissue regeneration. With advancements in inhalable or nebulized formulations, their potential as therapeutic agents has been significantly enhanced, allowing for targeted delivery to the respiratory system while minimizing systemic side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental biology, biogenesis, and cargo composition of exosomes, emphasizing their role in intercellular signaling and low immunogenicity. The rationale for local pulmonary delivery is discussed, highlighting advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, reduced systemic exposure, and improved patient compliance. Current preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of inhaled exosomes in treating acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Additionally, exosomes exhibit promising immunomodulatory and anti-aging properties, including macrophage polarization, alleviation of cytokine storms, and mitochondrial restoration. Challenges surrounding large-scale production, standardization, and regulatory approval are addressed, while the prospects for engineering exosomes with enhanced payloads and specificity are envisioned. The combination of nanotechnology and biomimetic systems, along with personalized medicine approaches, underscores the transformative potential of inhaled exosomes in respiratory and systemic therapies.
Keywords: exosomes, inhalation therapy, respiratory diseases, immune regulation, anti-aging
1Department of General Practice, Troops of the People’s Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830009, People’s Republic of China; 2Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Yuanming Pan, Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 10 89509372, Email peterfpan2020@mail.ccmu.edu.cn Qimin Yin, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 10 89509000, Email yinqimin1@163.com
Abstract: Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types and have become key mediators of intercellular communication, immune regulation, and tissue regeneration. With advancements in inhalable or nebulized formulations, their potential as therapeutic agents has been significantly enhanced, allowing for targeted delivery to the respiratory system while minimizing systemic side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental biology, biogenesis, and cargo composition of exosomes, emphasizing their role in intercellular signaling and low immunogenicity. The rationale for local pulmonary delivery is discussed, highlighting advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, reduced systemic exposure, and improved patient compliance. Current preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of inhaled exosomes in treating acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Additionally, exosomes exhibit promising immunomodulatory and anti-aging properties, including macrophage polarization, alleviation of cytokine storms, and mitochondrial restoration. Challenges surrounding large-scale production, standardization, and regulatory approval are addressed, while the prospects for engineering exosomes with enhanced payloads and specificity are envisioned. The combination of nanotechnology and biomimetic systems, along with personalized medicine approaches, underscores the transformative potential of inhaled exosomes in respiratory and systemic therapies.
Keywords: exosomes, inhalation therapy, respiratory diseases, immune regulation, anti-aging